The trend to earlier birch pollen seasons in the U.K.: A biotic response to changes in weather conditions?

The influence of climate changes inPlatanusspp. pollination in Spain and Italy

“…This is in contrast with the studies conducted in other species where some indications of increased pollen production are linked to temperature (i.e. Emberlin et al, 1997). Our results on the Platanus Pollen Index parameter agree with another study conducted in the Spanish area, where it has been shown that other environmental factors such as water availability and the chilling requirement during the winter months can influence the amount of pollination (Cariñ anos et al, 2004).…”

The effects of climate change in Switzerland 1969–1996 on airborne pollen quantities from hazel, birch and grass

“…This study shows that global warming might also have an influence on the increase and spreading of allergies by an increase of pollen numbers and by a shift of the flowering period in the direction of winter (Emberlin 1994, Emberlin et al 1997. A similar result was also found by Jäger et al (1996) but the observed time period was much shorter and a correlation with weather parameters was missing.…”

Plants remember past weather: a study for atmospheric pollen concentrations of Ambrosia, Poaceae and Populus

“…Therefore, higher winter and early spring temperatures can produce a later onset of bud burst and pollen release. Emberlin et al (1997) found a trend to earlier Betula pollen seasons that was related to an increase in cumulative temperatures over 5.5°C in January, February and March. Furthermore, they detected a significant positive relationship between the start dates of the Corylus pollen season and temperatures in October suggesting that lower temperatures in October result in an earlier onset, and vice versa (Emberlin et al 2007).…”