The Treatment of Retinoblastoma by X-Ray and Triethylene Melamine

Adjunctive techniques for optimization of ocular hemodynamics in children undergoing ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy

“…The first approaches were not catheter-based interventions, but direct puncture-infusion methods 7 8. The first catheter-based approaches were pioneered in Japan, circa 1988 9.…”

Persistence of retinal function after selective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy infusion for retinoblastoma

“…This technique represents an evolution of less selective arterial infusion treatments for retinoblastoma which have been reported previously [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In our technique, the ophthalmic artery is cannulated under fluoroscopic control, and an aliquot of the chemotherapeutic agent is infused directly to the orbital tissues over a period of 30 min [11].…”

Occurrence of Sectoral Choroidal Occlusive Vasculopathy and Retinal Arteriolar Embolization After Superselective Ophthalmic Artery Chemotherapy for Advanced Intraocular Retinoblastoma

“…17,18 Selective chemotherapy of the retina consisting of direct intraarterial injection via catheterization of the ophthalmic artery offers a promising alternative. The first direct intraarterial injections were described by Reese et al in 1958 19 and later by Kiribuchi 20 by infusing triethylenemelamine into the carotid artery and 5-fluorouracil into the frontal or supraorbital artery, respectively. Japanese investigators [21][22][23][24] have used melphalan over the past 20 years, infused in the internal carotid artery after the inflation of a balloon upstream of the ophthalmic artery.…”