The Treatment of Hysterical Blindness by Behavior Therapy

Ohno, Yoshiteru; Sugita, Mineyasu; Takeya, T; Akagi, Minoru; Tanaka, Yoshiharu; Ikemi, Yujiro

doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(74)71274-9

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Using a new technique of suggestion, the patient was made familiar with the test patterns oJF organic blindness and subsequently adapted his scores to his modified ideas of how organic amblyopia should present. Since these papers were published, several similar, often simpler approaches to psychogenic amblyopia using operant techniques have been described [72], but there are still no controlled clinical studies. These authors combine their approach with supportive psychotherapy, family therapy and environment manipulation [1], often quite obviously to reduce potential sources of primary and secondary gain.…”

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hysterical symptoms in ophthalmology

Weller

Wiedemann

1989

Doc Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ophthalmologic symptoms are often not sufficiently accounted for by organic pathology. The complaints of these patients have been labeled hysterical, psychogenic, non-organic, or functional. The psychiatric nosology in this area may be the most confusing in the whole field of clinical medicine. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) offers a classification designed to reduce non-empirical concepts and ideology to a minimum. On this background, we discuss the hysterical symptoms encountered in clinical ophthalmology with special emphasis on psychogenic amblyopia and blepharospasm. Motor symptoms are commonly not of psychogenic origin. It is suggested that ophthalmologists are most likely to treat patients with psychogenic symptoms, using suggestion, patience, and reassurance. Few patients require psychiatric consultation and a specific psychiatric therapy. The association of hysteria with organic brain disease and the issue of symptom lateralization are briefly discussed. Eventually, we reject the psychoanalytic approach and suggest that the concept of abnormal illness behavior and the neurobiological models involving corticofugal inhibition, primitive reflex mechanisms, and an attention disturbance, serve best to understand the nature of the phenomenon hysteria.

show abstract

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hysterical symptoms in ophthalmology

Weller

Wiedemann

1989

Doc Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most behavioral investigations of functional visual deficits have used positive reinforcement procedures to shape and maintain improved visual functioning (Brady and Lind, 1961;Grosz andZimmerman, 1965, 1970;Parry-Jones et al, 1970;Stoltz and Wolfe, 1969) although efforts which emphasize negative reinforcement procedures [e.g. escape from electric shock (Ohno et al, 1974)] have also been implemented.…”

Section: Functionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of six published behavioral studies of functional visual disorders (Brady and Lind, 1961;Grosz andZimmerman, 1965, 1970;Ohno et al, 1974;Parry-Jones et al, 1970;Stoltz and Wolfe, 1969) three failed to present pretreatment baselines or demonstrate functional relationships between intervention and symptom remediation (Ohno er af., 1974;Parry-Jones et al, 1970;Stoltz and Wolfe, 1969) and none directly evaluated the generalization of treatment effects, an important behavioral consideration of recent years (Stokes and Baer, 1977;Wolpe, 1977).…”

Section: Functionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to previous efforts to deal with functional deficits using negative reinforcement procedures, the aversive stimuli of the present study, while not unique (see for example, Alexander er al., 1973;Walton and Black, 1959), were non-invasive and akin to time out procedures rather than physically aversive (see for example, Ohno et al, 1974). They were acceptable both to Adam's parents and to the hospital staff who coordinated his care.…”

Section: Contrarymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation