The Transmission of Refractive Errors Within Eskimo Families

Young, Francis A.; Leary, George A.; Baldwin, William R.; West, D C; Box, R A; Harris, Eugene E.; Johnson, Curtis A.

doi:10.1097/00006324-196909000-00005

Cited by 152 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…In the present study a preponderance of myopia in females was detectable in every age group although the difference between the sexes almost disappeared after the age of 50 years. 9.52 I n this study as in many earlier observations, t h r more educated were often mvopes (Young 1967;Goldschrnidt 1968;Young et al 1969Young et al , 1970(;rosvenor 1970;.4inc 1979;Angle & Wissmann 1980). In the present study persons aged 2 1-60 years who had passed academic examinations had myopia (2 0 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Refractive Errors in a Finnish Rural Population

Aine

1984

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Refractive errors in 611 persons living in a rural area were examined. Males numbered 281 and females 330. The age range was from 6 to 85 years. In 73 (11.9%) persons the refraction was myopic (SER less than or equal to 0.5 D) and in 173 (28.3%) hyperopic (SER greater than or equal to + 2 D). Myopia was most frequently detected in persons aged 21-30 years (22.6%), and the proportion of myopia decreased towards both extremes of age. In all age groups females were more myopic than males. In persons aged 21-60 years the most educated proved to have more myopia and less hyperopia than those with less education. In 158 (25.9%) of the eyes, astigmatism was detectable. The degree of astigmatism changed little with advancing age and was independent of sex. In myopic eyes the range of astigmatic error was wider than in hyperopic eyes. The axis of + cylinders was in hyperopic eyes mostly horizontal and in myopic eyes vertical. Anisometropia of 1.25-2.0 D was detected in 24 (4.0%) persons and in 19 (3.1%) persons it was over 2 D.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Refractive Errors in a Finnish Rural Population

Aine

1984

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…It has been hypothesised that prolonged reading or the retinal blur of prolonged near work leads to the development of myopia. This is supported by evidence showing an increase in the prevalence of myopia from near 0% to rates found in the Western population in aboriginal peoples exposed to a Western curriculum of education 16. The correlation between level of academic achievement and the prevalence and progress of myopic refractive errors is strong; people whose professions entail much reading during either training or performance of the occupation (lawyers, physicians, microscopists, and editors) have higher degrees of myopia, and the myopia may progress not just in people's teenage years but throughout their 20s and 30s.…”

Section: Visual Experience and Ocular Growthmentioning

confidence: 79%

Myopia

Fredrick

2002

BMJ

160

106

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“…The wide range of estimates across studies most likely reflects that SER is strongly influenced by the environment, as epidemiologic studies have highlighted. 16,39,40 Parent-offspring or avuncular correlationbased simple estimates assume that the environmental component has not changed within one generation, whereas the estimates based on resemblance between twins assume that the shared environment component is the same for dizygotic and monozygotic twins, and none assume gene-environment interactions. Similar large heritability estimate discrepancies between studies and study designs were noted for IQ, another trait likely to be strongly influenced by environment and gene-environment interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%