The Transmission of Infection Through the Eye

Maxcy, Kenneth F.

doi:10.1097/00007611-191906000-00019

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2D) and was recognized early as a target for "promiscuous spraying" whereby coughing could project material at least 10 feet away [5]. Since this 1919 study [5], a number of other studies have investigated ocular surface area and reported as a total (for two eyes) as 226-426 [25] and 300-640 mm 2 [26], indicating that the figure from Maxcy's early study [5] was a good estimate (Table 1) of the "visible" ocular surface. The later study [26] also explains variability in measurements, since palpebral aperture is dependent on eye gaze direction.…”

Section: Is the Ocular Surface An Entry Point For Sar-cov2?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second instructive case is that of the respiratory physician Guangfa Wang [4]. Days before pneumonia onset, his earliest symptoms related to left conjunctivitis, then catarrhal symptoms and fever which developed after 2-3 h, slower than might be expected from older studies tracing the passage of bacteria through the lacrimal drainage system [5]. While an N95 respirator was worn, offering protection from infection via oro-nasal pathways, eye protection was not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence that ocular and periocular tissue may be uniquely placed as an entry point for viral invasion will be reviewed. At the height of the 1918 world influenza epidemic, a landmark paper appeared, proposing transmission of acute respiratory infections via the eye and lacrimalnasal pathway [5] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. The lacrimatory-nasal mechanism for the mechanical disposition of organisms entering the upper respiratory tract [5]. That slit lamps and their accessory lenses are a source of infection transmission has long been known [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection

Coroneo

2021

The Ocular Surface

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre-including this research content-immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

show abstract

Section: Is the Ocular Surface An Entry Point For Sar-cov2?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection

Coroneo

2021

The Ocular Surface

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The combined experimental and clinical data recorded by a number of investigators (e.g., Rosenow, 1912Rosenow, , 1919Davis, 1912;Billings, 1914;Irons, 1921Irons, , 1924Haden, 1925) enable us to assume that focal infections offer ample opportunity for the penetration of bacteria into the blood circulation of apparently healthy animals, and the same assumption may hold for other possible portals of entry (Garr6, 1885; Manfredi, 1899; Thiele and Embleton, 1913-14;Maxcy, 1919;Strauss, 1924). JOURNAL OF BACTURJOLOGY, VOL.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria in the Muscular Tissues and Blood of Apparently Normal Animals

Reith

1926

J Bacteriol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Meat preservation depends, fundamentally, on the inhibition of micro6rganic growth. Organisms concerned in meat spoilage may enter the product during its handling or may be in the tissues or blood of the live animal. The question of whether or not bacteria are present in the organ tissues of healthy animals at the time of slaughter has a direct bearing upon packing house practice. The literature leaves this problem in an unsatisfactory state. The observations recorded in this paper are part of a series of studies on the bacteriology of meat spoilage carried out in this laboratory under a Fellowship established by Dr. Arthur Lowenstein and in co6peration with the Institute of American Meat Packers. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE A number of investigations to determine whether or not bacteria are normally present in the tissues of apparently healthy animals were reported before 1912, principally by German work

show abstract

Effect of Wearing Glasses on Risk of Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in the Community

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceObservational studies have reported an association between the use of eye protection and reduced risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, but, as with most infection control measures, no randomized clinical trials have been conducted.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of wearing glasses in public as protection against being infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA randomized clinical trial was conducted in Norway from February 2 to April 24, 2022; all adult members of the public who did not regularly wear glasses, had no symptoms of COVID-19, and did not have COVID-19 in the last 6 weeks were eligible.InterventionWearing glasses (eg, sunglasses) when close to others in public spaces for 2 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a positive COVID-19 test result reported to the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases. Secondary outcomes included a positive COVID-19 test result and respiratory infection based on self-report. All analyses adhered to the intention-to-treat principle.ResultsA total of 3717 adults (2439 women [65.6%]; mean [SD] age, 46.9 [15.1] years) were randomized. All were identified and followed up in the registries, and 3231 (86.9%) responded to the end of study questionnaire. The proportions with a reported positive COVID-19 test result in the national registry were 3.7% (68 of 1852) in the intervention group and 3.5% (65 of 1865) in the control group (absolute risk difference, 0.2%; 95% CI, −1.0% to 1.4%; relative risk, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.75-1.50). The proportions with a positive COVID-19 test result based on self-report were 9.6% (177 of 1852) in the intervention group and 11.5% (214 of 1865) in the control group (absolute risk difference, –1.9%; 95% CI, −3.9% to 0.1%; relative risk, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69-1.00). The risk of respiratory infections based on self-reported symptoms was lower in the intervention group (30.8% [571 of 1852]) than in the control group (34.1% [636 of 1865]; absolute risk difference, –3.3%; 95% CI, −6.3% to −0.3%; relative risk, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, wearing glasses in the community was not protective regarding the primary outcome of a reported positive COVID-19 test. However, results were limited by a small sample size and other issues. Glasses may be worth considering as one component in infection control, pending further studies.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05217797

show abstract

The Transmission of Infection Through the Eye

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection

The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection

Bacteria in the Muscular Tissues and Blood of Apparently Normal Animals

Effect of Wearing Glasses on Risk of Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in the Community

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About