The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection

Coroneo, Minas T.

doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2020.05.011

Cited by 49 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…Some antiviral drugs can be more efficient by using zinc, and their abdominal discomfort will decrease [11]. Using a combination of CQ, zinc, and azithromycin as eye drops or spray/aerosol for eyelids and the ocular surface can prevent binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the eyes as one of the major pathways of importing the virus into the body [21]. Zinc ions in the structure of viral proteins also can be targeted, and some drugs like disulfiram have shown that it can release Zn 2+ from proteins of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV and impair the proteins.…”

Section: Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Serum Electrolytes and Trace Elements Role in the Pathophysiology of COVID-19

Taheri

Bahrami

Habibi

et al. 2020

Biol Trace Elem Res

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All the world is involved in the COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus is a positive-sense RNA and has an envelope. There is no specific drug for this disease and treatment methods are limited. Malnutrition and electrolyte imbalance can make dysfunction in the immune system and impairment of the immune system causes increasing the risk of infection. Understanding the aspects of biological features of the virus will help the development of diagnostic tests, pharmacological therapies, and vaccines. Here, we review and discuss increasing and decreasing some trace elements and imbalance of serum and plasma electrolytes involving in COVID-19.

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Section: Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Serum Electrolytes and Trace Elements Role in the Pathophysiology of COVID-19

Taheri

Bahrami

Habibi

et al. 2020

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…The combination of eyewear, medical masks, and frequent hygiene might play a synergistic role in preventing the spread of COVID-19. As suggested by the American Academy of Ophthalmology ( ) and the literature analysis [ 23 ], coronavirus can potentially spread through the eyes, and, thus, replacing contact lenses with glasses is encouraged There may be changing behaviors regarding going to medical institutes during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, from Figure 3 , it can be seen that there are still Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) positive cases.…”

Section: Limitations and Other Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Other Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Outcome and Implications of Public Precautionary Measures in Taiwan–Declining Respiratory Disease Cases in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hsieh

Lin

Wang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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With the rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries are trying to cope with increasing medical demands, and, at the same time, to reduce the increase of infected numbers by implementing a number of public health measures, namely non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). These public health measures can include social distancing, frequent handwashing, and personal protective equipment (PPE) at the personal level; at the community and the government level, these measures can range from canceling activities, avoiding mass gatherings, closing facilities, and, at the extreme, enacting national or provincial lockdowns. Rather than completely stopping the infectious disease, the major purpose of these NPIs in facing an emerging infectious disease is to reduce the contact rate within the population, and reduce the spread of the virus until the time a vaccine or reliable medications become available. The idea is to avoid a surge of patients with severe symptoms beyond the capacity of the hospitals’ medical resources, which would lead to more mortality and morbidity. While many countries have experienced steep curves in new cases, some, including Hong Kong, Vietnam, South Korea, New Zealand, and Taiwan, seem to have controlled or even eliminated the infection locally. From its first case of COVID-19 on the 21 January until the 12 May, Taiwan had 440 cases, including just 55 local infections, and seven deaths in total, representing 1.85 cases per 100,000 population and a 1.5% death rate (based on the Worldometer 2020 statistics of Taiwan’s population of 23.8 million). This paper presents evidence that spread prevention involving mass masking and universal hygiene at the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a 50% decline of infectious respiratory diseases, based on historical data during the influenza season in Taiwan. These outcomes provide potential support for the effectiveness of widely implementing public health precaution measures in controlling COVID-19 without a lockdown policy.

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“…Virus entry and multiple signaling pathways (Ca 2+ release, cSrc, FAK, MAPK, and PI3K) occur upon Spike2-RGD-integrin interaction. 7 A "cytokine storm" is locally released (IL1β, IL6, IL8, TNFα, MIP1α, and VEGF), as first observed in patients showing fatal complications. 5 This specific panel was used to screen patients requiring prompt intervention to avoid acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).…”

Section: Sars-cov2 Infection and Main Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: In Silico Prediction of Drug Effects in Treatments for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Disease</p>

Cafiero¹,

Re²,

Micera³

et al. 2020

PGPM

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The latest developments in precision medicine allow the modulation of therapeutic approaches in different pathologies on the basis of the specific molecular characterization of the patient. This review of the literature coupled with in silico analysis was to provide a selected screening of interactions between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and drugs (repurposed, investigational, and biological agents) showing efficacy and toxicityin counteracting Covid-19 infection. In silico analysis of genetic variants related to each drug was performed on such databases as PharmGKB, Ensembl Genome Browser, www.drugs.com, and SNPedia, with an extensive literature review of papers (to May 10, 2020) on Covid-19 treatments using Medline, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, PharmGKB, and Google Scholar. The clinical relevance of SNPs, known as both drug targets and markers, considering genetic variations with known drug responses, and the therapeutic consequences are discussed. In the context of clinical treatment of Covid-19, including infection prevention, control measures, and supportive care, this review highlights the importance of a personalized approach in the final selection of therapy, which is probably essential in the management of the Covid-19 pandemic.

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The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection

Cited by 49 publications

References 101 publications

A Review on the Serum Electrolytes and Trace Elements Role in the Pathophysiology of COVID-19

A Review on the Serum Electrolytes and Trace Elements Role in the Pathophysiology of COVID-19

The Outcome and Implications of Public Precautionary Measures in Taiwan–Declining Respiratory Disease Cases in the COVID-19 Pandemic

<p>Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: In Silico Prediction of Drug Effects in Treatments for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Disease</p>

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