The transmission of Fasciola spp. to cattle and contamination of grazing areas with Fasciola eggs in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam

Anh, Nguyễn Thị Lan; Thanh, Dao Thi Ha; Hoan, Doan Huu; Thuy, Do Thu; Khong, Nguyen Viet; Anderson, Norman H.

doi:10.1007/s11250-014-0542-4

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Some echinostomes may also be zoonotic [ 36 ]. Fasciolosis is prevalent in the Red River Delta [ 38 – 40 ] but although we examined about 1800 Lymnaea viridis , primarily collected in rice fields, we did not detect cercariae that could be referred to Fasciola spp. Most likely rice fields are not contaminated with eggs of Fasciola spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The role of rice fields, fish ponds and water canals for transmission of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in aquaculture ponds in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam

et al. 2015

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BackgroundFish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT), such as Clonorchis sinensis, Opistorchis viverini (Opisthorchiidae) and intestinal trematodes of the family Heterophyidae, constitute a public health hazard in Vietnam and infections with these trematodes has been linked to consumption of raw or undercooked fish from aquaculture. The FZT transmission pathways, however, are more complicated than just the presence of intermediate snail hosts in aquaculture ponds as ponds may exchange water with surrounding habitats such as rice fields and irrigation canals and thereby these surrounding habitats may be a source of snails and cercariae and contribute to FZT infection in cultured fish.MethodsThis is a longitudinal descriptive study on selected farms (n = 30) in Nam Dinh Province which is endemic for FZT. At each farm, we sampled one pond, a small irrigation canal used to supply the pond with water, and a nearby rice field. At each of these three sites, we estimated the density of the FZT intermediate snail hosts and determined their trematode infection status. Comparative analysis was performed for the prevalence and density of FZT infections in fish and snails.ResultsSpecies of the Thiaridae, and most notably Melanoides tuberculata, the most important host species for FZT belonging to the Heterophyidae, were particularly abundant in ponds and small canals, i.e. M. tuberculata was found in 27 ponds and 13 small canals. Bithynia fuchsiana, a potential host for both Heterophyidae and Opisthorchiidae, was rarely found in fish ponds but common in rice fields. A total of 12 types of cercariae were found in the snails and pleurolophocercous cercariae, primarily FZT, constituted about 40 % of all cercarial infections. The fish species cultured were mainly carp species and Haplorchis pumilio was the dominating trematode species infecting fish. Clonorchis spp. were not recorded in any of the ponds. FZT transmission to fish was intense during the summer period (May-June to November) but less intense during the winter months (December-January) partly because cercarial emergence ceases due to the low temperature.ConclusionOur findings highlight the complexity of FZT transmission within aquaculture farm settings and suggest that efforts to control these infections must take a holistic approach using interventions against all stages of the transmission cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The role of rice fields, fish ponds and water canals for transmission of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in aquaculture ponds in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam

et al. 2015

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“…In general, animals are only treated for trematode infections at the owner's request or when specific symptoms such as weakness, weight loss, or diarrhea are detected. Although certain studies have implemented fascioliasis treatments, these initiatives have typically targeted specific subsets within buffalo and cattle populations rather than including the entire population [25,26]. In livestock, there is a high risk of infection because the animals are allowed to graze most of the time during the year [7].…”

Section: A Control Program Is Recommended To Reduce the Infection Rat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors related toFasciolaspp. transmission in Northern Vietnam: A cross-sectional study in multiple hosts

Quang,

Dermauw,

Do Trung

et al. 2024

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BackgroundFascioliasis, caused byFasciola hepaticaandFasciola gigantica, is a global veterinary problem in livestock and an emerging zoonotic disease in various countries. Here we present prevalence estimates ofFasciolaspp. in all hosts involved in the life cycle and identified risk factors associated withFasciolatransmission in northern Vietnam.Methodology/Principal findingsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in a community in Nghe An province where fascioliasis is endemic and inhabitants commonly consume raw vegetables. Applying a simple random and cluster sampling approach, we collected 1,137 stool and 1,390 blood samples from 1,396 human participants. From 664 buffaloes and cattle, we collected 656 fecal and 534 blood samples. We also collected 330 lymnaeid snails and 233 water plant samples. Human and animal fecal samples were examined by copro-microscopy, while blood samples were screened by ELISA to detectFasciolaserum antibodies. We examined infections in snails using PCR and metacercariae on water plants deploying an in-house technique. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression models were applied to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors forFasciolainfections. While the prevalence ofFasciolainfections was very low in humans (0% by copro-microscopy; 0.07% by ELISA), it was high in animals (52% by copro-microscopy; 54% by ELISA). In the multivariable analysis, age was the only factor associated withFasciolainfections in animals.Fasciolacould not be detected in any of the sampled water plants or lymnaeid snails..Conclusion/SignificanceThis study indicated a high prevalence ofFasciolainfections in animals and a very low prevalence in humans in a rural community in northern Vietnam. It is recommended to implement a control program to reduce the infection rate in buffaloes and cattle. Furthermore, health education activities for livestock owners should be carried out inFasciolaendemic areas.Author SummaryFascioliasis is a parasitic disease, caused by the flatwormsFasciola hepaticaandFasciola gigantica, affecting the liver of livestock and humans. Although human fascioliasis is known to occur worldwide, it mainly affects the poorest communities in rural areas across subtropical and tropical countries, with recent emergence in countries such as Vietnam. We conducted a cross-sectional survey onFasciolaspp. infections in different hosts (e.g., humans, buffaloes, cattle, water plants, and snails) in a rural community in northern Vietnam. Our results showed a high prevalence of fascioliasis in livestock, and a very low prevalence in humans, in a rural community in Nghe An province.Fasciolacould not be detected in the sampled lymnaeid snails and water plants. In livestock, the occurrence ofFasciolainfection was associated with increasing age. Treatment of the community livestock population as well as specific awareness campaigns for livestock owners are suggested to reduce disease transmission.

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Current status of fasciolosis in Vietnam: an update and perspectives

et al. 2015

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Vietnam is recognized to be endemic for fasciolosis. However, most of the available publications have not been published in international journals. This review is based on national and international Vietnamese publications and highlights the current status of fasciolosis in Vietnam. It also provides some information available for neighbouring countries. Updated data on responsible species, distribution, transmission and control aspects are summarized. The central region of Vietnam is reported as being highly endemic for fasciolosis, with a high number of human patients (more than 20,000 in 2011). Fasciola gigantica is reported to be the main species in Vietnam. However, hybrids between F. gigantica and F. hepatica were identified. Both humans and animals are infected by the ingestion of raw vegetables and possibly contaminated drinking water. Three lymnaeid snail species (Austropeplea viridis, Radix auricularia and Radix rubiginosa) may act as intermediate hosts of Fasciola spp. However, due to the likely misidentification of snail species and cercariae during the past decade the critical analysis of published data is difficult. A better understanding of transmission aspects of fasciolosis would allow the implementation of preventive measures of this important neglected zoonotic disease.

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The transmission of Fasciola spp. to cattle and contamination of grazing areas with Fasciola eggs in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

The role of rice fields, fish ponds and water canals for transmission of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in aquaculture ponds in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam

The role of rice fields, fish ponds and water canals for transmission of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in aquaculture ponds in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam

Prevalence and risk factors related toFasciolaspp. transmission in Northern Vietnam: A cross-sectional study in multiple hosts

Current status of fasciolosis in Vietnam: an update and perspectives

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