The transformation pathways of nitrogen in sewage sludge during hydrothermal treatment

Zhuang, Xinshu; Huang, Yanqin; Song, Yanpei; Zhan, Hao; Yin, Xiuli; Wu, Chao

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.195

Cited by 174 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…HTC is an attractive choice for these wet wastes as it does not require cost intensive drying prior to the treatment unlike pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion. Our recent research on HTC of septic tank wastes known as septage, as well as other's studies on sewage wastes and manures, have shown concentration of phosphorus in hydrochar (carbon rich solids that are produced during HTC of biomass) solids and control of the nitrogen distribution (as protein fragments, nitrates, and ammonia), which are favorable for hydrochar as solid fertilizer [4][5][6]. However, one detrimental result of this HTC processing is a nutrient laden process liquid that must be remediated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal Remediation of Wastewater Produced from Hydrothermally Treated Septage

et al. 2019

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technology to convert wet wastes like septic tank wastes, or septage, to valuable platform chemical, fuels, and materials. However, the byproduct of HTC, process liquid, often contains large amount of nitrogen species (up to 2 g/L of nitrogen), phosphorus, and a variety of organic carbon containing compounds. Therefore, the HTC process liquid is not often treated at wastewater treatment plant. In this study, HTC process liquid was treated with algae as an alternative to commercial wastewater treatment. The HTC process liquid was first diluted and then used to grow Chlorella sp. over a short period of time (15 days). It was found that the algae biomass concentration increased by 644 mg/L over the course of 10 days, and which subsequently removed a majority of the nutrients in the HTC process liquid. Around 600 mg/L of algal biomass was collected in the process liquid at the end of treatment (day 15). Meanwhile, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous, total Kheldjal nitrogen, and ammonia were reduced by 70.0, 77.7, 82.2, and 99.0% by fifteen days compared to the untreated wastewater, respectively. This study demonstrates that HTC process liquid can be treated by growing algae creating a potential replacement for expensive synthetic nutrient feeds for algal production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal Remediation of Wastewater Produced from Hydrothermally Treated Septage

et al. 2019

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“…348 On the other hand, with hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) at temperatures between 250°C and 350°C, several heterocycles could originate from the components of proteins, such as piperidines and quinolines from lysine in bio-oils, while pyrazines form from the mixture of disaccharides and lysine. 349 Besides organic matter derived from HTL with liquid-N accounting for the majority of nitrogenous products, [350][351][352][353] the HTL conditions can affect the concentrations of metals (e.g., Fe, Na, Mg, Ca) and inorganic species (e.g., P) in algal biocrude. 354 It is worth noting that N-containing heterocycles partition undesirably into bio-crude oils after hydrothermal treatment.…”

Section: Green Chemistry Critical Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycloamination strategies for renewable N-heterocycles

et al. 2020

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“…Figure 11 demonstrates that in all the experimental conditions, the vast majority of the inorganic elements, particularly Al, Ca, Cu, Pb, and Zn, were migrated to the solid phase. Huang et al concluded in his review article that regardless of the temperature conditions, the majority of the inorganic elements resided in the solid phase [51]. The potassium and sodium were two alkaline elements found in the aqueous phase in a substantial amount of 41 and 26%, respectively, for R0.…”

Section: Distribution Of the Inorganic Elements Via Icp-aes Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Crude Production through Recycling of Pretreated Aqueous Phase via Activated Carbon

et al. 2021

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The management and optimization of the aqueous phase are the major challenges that hinder the promotion of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) technology on a commercial scale. Recently, many studies reported about the accumulation of the N-content in the bio-crude with continuous recycling of the aqueous phase from high protein-containing biomass. In the present study, sewage sludge was processed at 350 °C in an autoclave. The produced aqueous phase was treated with activated carbon, and its subsequent recycling effect on the properties of the bio-crude and aqueous phase was investigated. By contacting the aqueous phase with activated carbon, 38–43% of the total nitrogen was removed from the aqueous phase. After applying the treated aqueous phase recycling, the energy recovery of the bio-crude increased from 50 to 61% after three rounds of recycling. From overall carbon/nitrogen recoveries, 50 to 56% of the carbon was transferred to the bio-crude phase and more than 50% of the nitrogen remained in the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase contained mostly of N&O-heterocyclic compounds, small chain organic acids, and amides. ICP-AES analysis showed that more than 80% of the inorganic elements were concentrated into the solid phase.

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The transformation pathways of nitrogen in sewage sludge during hydrothermal treatment

Cited by 174 publications

References 39 publications

Algal Remediation of Wastewater Produced from Hydrothermally Treated Septage

Algal Remediation of Wastewater Produced from Hydrothermally Treated Septage

Cycloamination strategies for renewable N-heterocycles

Bio-Crude Production through Recycling of Pretreated Aqueous Phase via Activated Carbon

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