“…Stephens et al . (1987) showed that a naturally occurring lytic phage was responsible for the decline et al., 1988, 1998Lilley et al, 1994Lilley et al, , 2002Björklöf et al, 1995;Hoffmann et al, 1998;Kroer et al, 1998) Transformation (Nielsen & van Elsas, 2001;Kay et al, 2002b) II: Direct, disruptive Extractive, cultivation-based coupled to molecular analysis Plants in field soil MGE transfer in the phytosphere (Lilley et al, 1994;Lilley & Bailey, 1997;van Elsas et al, 1998van Elsas et al, , 2000 III: Retrospective Isolation of MGE, molecular (sequence) analysis Field: soil (aquatic, clinical) Detection of (sequences of) MGE, providing evidence of gene transfer (Hill et al, 1994;Götz et al, 1996;Levin & Bergström, 2000;Ochman et al, 2000;Smalla et al, 2000) IV: Direct, nondisruptive Donor-repressed gfp-labelled MGE Biofilms in laboratory (and nature)…”