The transcriptome of anal papillae of Aedes aegypti reveals their importance in xenobiotic detoxification and adds significant knowledge on ion, water and ammonia transport mechanisms

Durant, Andrea C.; Guardian, Elia Grieco; Kolosov, Dennis; Donini, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104269

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Of these 18, three are known in the literature. The glutathione transferase GSTX2 (AAEL010500) is upregulated in response to a variety of exposures, including to the insecticide propoxur (David et al 2010) and to brackish water (Durant et al 2021) in larvae, as well as to heme in a cell line and in midguts of females after a blood meal (Bottino-Rojas et al 2015); GSTX2 is also constitutively upregulated in a strain resistant to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides compared to a susceptible strain (Bottino-Rojas et al 2018). The protein product of transcriptional regulator ATRX (AAEL010502) is found in eggshell preparations (Marinotti et al 2014), and the fk506-binding protein FKBP12 (AAEL010491) is upregulated in a population with high rates of Wolbachia wMEL infection (Martins et al 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When notch (AAEL008069), another nearby gene, is silenced, in vitro viral load of DENV-2 (dengue serotype 2) is significantly increased six days post-infection compared to control mosquitoes (Xiao et al 2014). A splice variant of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor AAEL011325 is down-regulated in larvae exposed to brackish water compared to freshwater (Durant et al 2021). Finally, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene Aaea6 (AAEL008055) is upregulated in response to post-eclosion application of exogeneous juvenile hormone (Zhu et al 2010), and has also been experimentally identified as the target of the insecticide spinosad (Lan et al 2021); more generally, nAChR genes are known as the targets of neonicotinoid insecticides (Casida 2018).…”

Section: Strong Signatures Of Selective Sweeps In Insecticide Resista...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong positive selection in Aedes aegypti and the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance

Love

Sikder

Vivero

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Aedes aegypti vectors the pathogens that cause dengue, yellow fever, Zika virus, and chikungunya, and is a serious threat to public health in tropical regions. Decades of work has illuminated many aspects of Ae. aegypti's biology and global population structure, and has identified insecticide resistance genes; however, the size and repetitive nature of the Ae. aegypti genome have limited our ability to detect positive selection in this mosquito. Combining new whole genome sequences from Colombia with publicly available data from Africa and the Americas, we identify multiple strong candidate selective sweeps in Ae. aegypti, many of which overlap genes linked to or implicated in insecticide resistance. We examine the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in three American cohorts, and find evidence for successive selective sweeps in Colombia. The most recent sweep encompasses an intermediate-frequency haplotype containing four candidate insecticide resistance mutations that are in near-perfect linkage disequilibrium with one another in the Colombian sample. We hypothesize that this haplotype may continue to rapidly increase in frequency and perhaps spread geographically in the coming years. These results extend our knowledge of how insecticide resistance has evolved in this species, and add to a growing body of evidence suggesting Ae. aegypti has an extensive genomic capacity to rapidly adapt to insecticide-based vector control.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strong Signatures Of Selective Sweeps In Insecticide Resista...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong positive selection in Aedes aegypti and the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance

Love

Sikder

Vivero

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In terms of active ion uptake from the external freshwater environment, results from functional ion flux and genome-wide gene expression analysis of anal papillae of mosquito larvae provide some support for Model 1, possibly in combination with Model 2 (Figures 1, 3B) (Del Duca et al, 2011;Durant et al, 2021). The anal papillae of mosquito larvae have important roles in both osmoregulation and ammonia excretion (Wigglesworth, 1933;Bradley, 1987Bradley, , 1994.…”

Section: Support For Models 1 and 2 In Mosquito Larvaementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Various immunolocalization studies also found that VHA and NKA are expressed in key iono-and osmoregulatory tissues (Patrick et al, 2006;Okech et al, 2008;Smith et al, 2008;White et al, 2013). The critical enzyme carbonic anhydrase (Figure 1) was also found expressed in the rectum and anal papillae of larval mosquito (Smith et al, 2008;Durant et al, 2021).…”

Section: Ion Uptake In Insectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanisms of Na+ uptake from freshwater habitats in animals

2022

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Life in fresh water is osmotically and energetically challenging for living organisms, requiring increases in ion uptake from dilute environments. However, mechanisms of ion uptake from freshwater environments are still poorly understood and controversial, especially in arthropods, for which several hypothetical models have been proposed based on incomplete data. One compelling model involves the proton pump V-type H+ ATPase (VHA), which energizes the apical membrane, enabling the uptake of Na+ (and other cations) via an unknown Na+ transporter (referred to as the “Wieczorek Exchanger” in insects). What evidence exists for this model of ion uptake and what is this mystery exchanger or channel that cooperates with VHA? We present results from studies that explore this question in crustaceans, insects, and teleost fish. We argue that the Na+/H+ antiporter (NHA) is a likely candidate for the Wieczorek Exchanger in many crustaceans and insects; although, there is no evidence that this is the case for fish. NHA was discovered relatively recently in animals and its functions have not been well characterized. Teleost fish exhibit redundancy of Na+ uptake pathways at the gill level, performed by different ion transporter paralogs in diverse cell types, apparently enabling tolerance of low environmental salinity and various pH levels. We argue that much more research is needed on overall mechanisms of ion uptake from freshwater habitats, especially on NHA and other potential Wieczorek Exchangers. Such insights gained would contribute greatly to our general understanding of ionic regulation in diverse species across habitats.

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“…albopictus was the anal papillae, followed by bristle cells [ 39 ]. The anal papillae of mosquito larvae are osmoregulatory organs that are in direct contact with the external aquatic environment [ 40 ]. The present study indicated that anal papillae of Ar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Armigeres subalbatus is a potential vector for Zika virus but not dengue virus

et al. 2022

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Background Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are closely related flaviviruses primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Armigeres subalbatus is an emerging and widely distributed mosquito, and ZIKV has been detected and isolated from it. However, it is not clear whether Ar. subalbatus could be a vector for ZIKV and DENV or not. In this study, we investigated the infection and transmission of Ar. subalbatus to ZIKV and DENV. Methods A line of Ar. subalbatus was isolated from Guangdong, China, and further identified by the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. The adults of Ar. subalbatus were fed with blood meal containing ZIKV or DENV-2. At 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days post-inoculation (dpi), the infections of ZIKV or DENV-2 in the midguts, ovaries and salivary glands were detected and quantified by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. To assess the transmissibility, suckling mice were exposed to bites of ZIKV-infected mosquitoes, and ZIKV was detected in brain tissue by RT-qPCR and plaque assays. Furthermore, the larvae of Ar. subalbatus were reared in artificial urine containing ZIKV or DENV-2. The infection rates and viral titers of larvae and adults were analyzed by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR, and the viral distribution in larval tissues was observed by immunohistochemistry. Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA analysis were used for assessing the infection rate and viral titer in varied tissues and different time points, respectively. Results Following oral inoculation, ZIKV but not DENV-2 could be detected in Ar. subalbatus midguts at 4 dpi, ovaries at 7 dpi and salivary glands at 10 dpi. The highest infection rate (IR) of ZIKV was 27.8% in midgut at 7 dpi, 9.7% in ovary and 5.6% in salivary gland at 21 dpi. Eight days after being bitten by ZIKV-positive mosquitoes, ZIKV was detected in three brain tissues out of four suckling mice exposed to bites. ZIKV could be detected in the larvae reared in artificial urine contained ZIKV at a high concentration of 105 pfu/ml and various tissues of adults with a low infection rate (0.70–1.35%). ZIKV could be observed in anal papillae and midgut of larvae at 4 dpi under laboratory conditions. Conclusions ZIKV but not DENV-2 can infect Ar. subalbatus by blood meal and artificial urine, and the infected mosquitoes can transmit ZIKV to suckling mice by bite. From these findings, we can conclude that the Ar. subalbatus isolated from Guangdong province, China, is a potential vector for ZIKV and should therefore be considered in vector control programs to prevent and control of Zika virus disease. Graphical Abstract

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The transcriptome of anal papillae of Aedes aegypti reveals their importance in xenobiotic detoxification and adds significant knowledge on ion, water and ammonia transport mechanisms

Cited by 22 publications

References 58 publications

Strong positive selection in Aedes aegypti and the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance

Strong positive selection in Aedes aegypti and the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance

Mechanisms of Na+ uptake from freshwater habitats in animals

Armigeres subalbatus is a potential vector for Zika virus but not dengue virus

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