The Transcriptional Program of Regeneration in the Giant Single Cell,<i>Stentor coeruleus</i>

Sood, Pranidhi; McGillivary, Rebecca M.; Marshall, WF

doi:10.1101/240788

Cited by 13 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The regulation of these enriched processes together with the wide expansion of the DYRK group indicates the importance of this kinase family during Stentor regeneration. A high number of upregulated DYRK genes were also observed in a recent study on regeneration of the oral apparatus in S. coeruleus [14].…”

Section: Figure 3 Heatmap With Conditions and Genes Hierarchically Csupporting

confidence: 60%

RNA Sequencing of Stentor Cell Fragments Reveals Transcriptional Changes during Cellular Regeneration

2018

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While ciliates of the genus Stentor are known for their ability to regenerate when their cells are damaged or even fragmented, the physical and molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. To identify genes involved in the regenerative capability of Stentor cells, RNA sequencing of individual Stentor polymorphus cell fragments was performed. After splitting a cell over the anterior-posterior axis, the posterior fragment has to regenerate the oral apparatus, while the anterior part needs to regenerate the hold fast. Altogether, differential expression analysis of both posterior and anterior S. polymorphus cell fragments for four different post-split time points revealed over 10,000 upregulated genes throughout the regeneration process. Among these, genes involved in cell signaling, microtubule-based movement, and cell cycle regulation seemed to be particularly important during cellular regeneration. We identified roughly nine times as many upregulated genes in regenerating S. polymorphus posterior fragments as compared to anterior fragments, indicating that regeneration of the anterior oral apparatus is a complex process that involves many genes. Our analyses identified several expanded groups of genes, such as dual-specific tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinases and MORN domain-containing proteins that seemingly act as key regulators of cellular regeneration. In agreement with earlier morphological and cell biological studies [1, 2], our differential expression analyses indicate that cellular regeneration and vegetative division share many similarities.

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Section: Figure 3 Heatmap With Conditions and Genes Hierarchically Csupporting

confidence: 60%

RNA Sequencing of Stentor Cell Fragments Reveals Transcriptional Changes during Cellular Regeneration

2018

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

RNA sequencing of Stentor cell fragments reveals key processes underlying cellular regeneration

Jamy

Tjg

2017

Preprint

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SummaryWhile ciliates of the genus Stentor are known for their ability to regenerate when their cells are damaged or even fragmented, the physical and molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. To identify genes involved in the regenerative capability of Stentor cells, RNA sequencing of individual Stentor polymorphus cell fragments was performed. After splitting a cell over the anteriorposterior axis, the posterior fragment has to regenerate the oral apparatus, while the anterior part needs to regenerate the hold fast. Altogether, differential expression analysis of both posterior and anterior S. polymorphus cell fragments for four different post-split time points revealed over 10,000 up-regulated genes throughout the regeneration process. Among these, genes involved in cell signaling, microtubulebased movement and cell cycle regulation seemed to be particularly important during cellular regeneration. We identified roughly nine times as many up-regulated genes in regenerating S. polymorphus posterior fragments as compared to anterior fragments, indicating that regeneration of the anterior oral apparatus is a complex process that involves many genes. Our analyses identified several expanded groups of genes such as dual-specific tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinases and MORN domain containing proteins that seemingly act as key-regulators of cellular regeneration. In agreement with earlier morphological and cell biological studies, our differential expression analyses indicate that cellular regeneration and vegetative division share many similarities.Keywords: cell damage repair / cell regeneration / single cell transcriptomics / Stentor / ciliate / RNAseq / microbial eukaryotes / protist . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/232363 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Dec. 16, 2017; 3 Results and discussionThe regenerative capabilities of the heterotrichous ciliate Stentor have been first documented over a century ago [1]. Since then, Stentor has become a model organism for studying cellular regeneration and repair, and, eventually, for developing new therapeutic approaches for curing human disease [2]. Yet, the molecular basis for Stentor's regenerative capability is largely unknown. Some pioneering studies employing microsurgery have revealed that regeneration and cell division share many similarities on nuclear level [3,4]: Weisz observed macronuclear changes in posterior regenerating fragments, which he compared to dividing cells, while Guttes and Guttes found that the micronuclei in regenerating posterior fragments underwent mitosis. In this study, we employed RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of single Stentor polymorphus cells and cell fragments to gain insight into the molecular basis of cellular regeneration and to identify key determinants underlying this...

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“…flow fields compare well with feeding flows around isolated Vorticella (a contractile, stalked ciliate which bears 1 strong resemblance to Stentor) in the presence of a no-slip boundary [23,24]. 2 3 4 5 Next, we use high-speed imaging (frame rate of 1 KHz) to investigate how the arrangement and synchronicity 6…”

Section: Membranellar Band Growth and Reorientation (5-7 Hrs Post-sucmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…of the above staging. Oral regeneration in S. coeruleus was induced by sucrose shock, with slight modifications 34 from published protocols [21,5], which were based on historical works (see supp. materials).…”

Section: Regenerative Prowess Of Stentormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reorganisation of complex ciliary flows around regeneratingStentor coeruleus

Wan

Hürlimann

Fenix

et al. 2019

Preprint

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20The phenomenon of ciliary coordination has garnered increasing attention in recent decades, with multiple 21 theories accounting for its emergence in different contexts. The heterotrich ciliate Stentor coeruleus is a 22unicellular organism which boasts a number of features which present unrivalled opportunities for 23 biophysical studies of cilia coordination. With their cerulean colour and distinctive morphology, these large 24protists possess a characteristic differentiation between cortical rows of short body cilia used for swimming, 25and an anterior ring structure of fused oral cilia forming a membranellar band. The oral cilia beat 26 metachronously to produce strong feeding currents. In addition to this complex body plan, Stentor have 27 remarkable regenerative capabilities. Minute fragments of single cells can over the period of hours or days, 28 regenerate independently into new, proportional individuals. Certain environmental perturbations elicit a 29 unique programmed response known as oral regeneration wherein only the membranellar band is shed and 30 a new, ciliated oral primordium formed on the side of the body. Here, we target oral regeneration induced by 31sucrose-shock to reveal the complex interplay between ciliary restructuring and hydrodynamics in Stentor, 32which accompanies the complete developmental sequence from band formation, elongation, curling, and 33 migration toward the cell anterior. 34 35

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The Transcriptional Program of Regeneration in the Giant Single Cell,Stentor coeruleus

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

RNA Sequencing of Stentor Cell Fragments Reveals Transcriptional Changes during Cellular Regeneration

RNA Sequencing of Stentor Cell Fragments Reveals Transcriptional Changes during Cellular Regeneration

RNA sequencing of Stentor cell fragments reveals key processes underlying cellular regeneration

Reorganisation of complex ciliary flows around regeneratingStentor coeruleus

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