Ethical quandaries for military psychologists are a challenge. Effective military mental health providers must have a thorough understanding of their ethics code, pertinent military instructions, military law, and the mental health laws of the countries in which they practice. This article traces the evolution of clinical military psychology ethics from World War II to present day and serves to introduce the manuscripts within this special issue of Military Psychology. The authors have addressed the issues of multiple relationships, cultural competency, mixed agency, informed consent and confidentiality and provided guidelines in order to effectively address these dilemmas.Psychologists as mental health providers in the military do not have a long history. In fact, formal military clinical psychology is only about 60 years old, arising during World War II to meet the mental health needs of veterans (Cranston, 1986). Subsequently, clinical psychology internships were born in the Veteran's Administration in 1946 and two years later the first active duty clinical military psychology internships were established in the Army (for more information on the history of military psychology see Kennedy & McNeil, 2006). As can be expected, as the field of clinical military psychology evolved, the unique and challenging ethical issues specific to this relatively new area of psychology grew accordingly.