A bibliography on careers in psychology: II.

Clinical Psychology: Its BeginningsCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, currently conceived, is one of several divisions of applied psychology and, as such, overlaps upon occasion in content and technique with its elder siblings. But quite like all other subdivisions of applied psychological knowledge, it has for its foundation the scientific methods of experimental and statistical analysis inherited from its laboratory forebears.The profession of clinical psychology is thus one of the newest and, in this troubled age, perhaps one of the most important, of all professions. Some historians (37) mention 1917 as the date of its birth, but this is more correctly its date of "confirmation," marked by the formation of the first professional organization for the study of clinical problems. The real beginnings-omitting the customary reference to Aristotle-are to be found around the time when Lightner Witmer established the first psychological clinic in 1896 at the University of Pennsylvania. Brotemarkle's sketch (9) of how this movement grew out of Witmer's early training under Wundt-an unlikely soil for such an applied growthshould be of interest to those concerned with historical origins. McKeen Cattell's work (11) in psychometrics had been in process for ten years before this clinic was founded and one might suspect that his interest in individual differences influenced Witmer's thinking. But we are told that the actual spark came from a challenge by a public school teacher regarding the case of a chronic bad speller! In retrospect, this was clearly a period of great intentions and small means, for it was a decade or more before Guy Whipple, at Cornell, produced tools in the form of a Manual of Mental and Physical Tests and before Binet and Simon started intelligence testing on its long career. The fact that in this remote period people worked without diagnostic instruments at all is less remarkable than that clinicians later worked for thirty years with nothing more than tests of abilities-before adequate tests of personality were created. Thus, although the aim of clinical psychology has been to bring the mentally abnormal back to mental health, the early efforts to provide it with scientifically sound

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Occupations of counseling psychologists.

Peterson¹,

Featherstone²

1962

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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A bibliography on careers in psychology: II.

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Recent Literature on Careers in Psychology

Recent Literature on Careers in Psychology

The meaning of clinical psychology.

Occupations of counseling psychologists.

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