“…Unlike existing, traditional trail-making tests that have been shown to be affected by learning disabilities (Rourke & Finlayson, 1975), language, and to a lesser extent, culture (Leon-Carreon, 1989;Mok, Tsang, Lee, & Llorente, 2008;Rosin & Levett, 1989a, 1989b as a result of their dependence on letters of the alphabet for a categorical shift, the CCTT replaces the use of letters with colors as categorical shift, as noted above (Llorente et al, 2003). Such alteration, in addition to other changes including the addition of non-verbal instructions, has been shown to reduce the weaknesses found in traditional trail-making tests in some instances (Lee, Cheung, Chan, & Chan, 2000;Llorente et al, 2003;Maj et al, 1993Maj et al, , 1994.…”