The Toxicity of Intravenously Used Marihuana

Payne, Ronald J.; Brand, Stanley N.

doi:10.1001/jama.1975.03260040045023

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Other cases from the literature have presented with similar findings, [6][7][8][9] leading to the coining of the term 'intravenous marijuana syndrome' and the suggestion that it may be related to contamination from cotton filters used to strain the fluid. An allergic component was not thought likely, 10,11 and the presentations were quite different to the reported case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Intravenous administration of cannabis and lethal anaphylaxis

2017

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Cannabis allergy appears to be increasing. A 33-year-old woman is reported who collapsed and died shortly after injecting herself with a cannabis solution prepared by pouring boiling water onto plant material. There were no significant findings at autopsy, except for a single recent venepuncture wound in the left cubital fossa. Toxicological examination of the blood revealed low levels of methylamphetamine and amphetamine with tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ-THC, and no opiates. The syringe used by the decedent contained Δ-THC. Serum tryptase levels were markedly elevated (>200 µg/L; N < 12 µg/L). This finding coupled with the sudden collapse after injecting an aqueous extract of cannabis indicated a likely anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reaction to the extract. Cannabis allergy may occur following handling, inhalation, swallowing or injecting Cannabis sativa plants or their products. The possibility of an allergic reaction should therefore be considered at autopsy in deaths where there has been recent contact with cannabis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Intravenous administration of cannabis and lethal anaphylaxis

2017

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“…It is well known that so many drugs have some negative effects on the immune network and thrombocyte disorders . Cannabis has been used for many years and cannabis use disorder can cause electrolyte disturbances, leukocytosis, anemia, and impair hematological cell functions . Recent studies have revealed that, CB2 receptors are primarily located on immune cells and tissues; and, when they are activated, they can affect inflammatory and immune suppressive activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47 Cannabis has been used for many years and cannabis use disorder can cause electrolyte disturbances, leukocytosis, anemia, and impair hematological cell functions. 48 Recent studies have revealed that, CB2 receptors are primarily located on immune cells and tissues; and, when they are activated, they can affect inflammatory and immune suppressive activity. Synthetic marijuana has strong activity and affinity on CB2 receptors.…”

Section: **mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the hematologic cells in synthetic cannabinoid users

Güzel

Yazıcı

et al. 2017

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Our data suggested that chronic use of cannabinoids can lead to deterioration of hematopoietic cells. Chronic use of cannabinoids was consistent with subthreshold/subclinical megaloblastic anemia with iron deficiency. Inflammatory cells, especially neutrophil and monocyte counts were higher in SG compared to CG. Thus, recovery of subclinical hematological parameters should be considered in cannabis use disorder patients.

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“…Without such formulations, almost no active material can be delivered, and intravenous toxicity is due essentially to injection of insoluble particulate material (31). Intravenous administration of suitable preparations gives a very rapid onset of action, but because of dosage limitations to avoid excessive intensity of the peak effect, the duration of action is short.…”

Section: Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Use of Cannabis: History and Current Status

Kalant

2001

Pain Research and Management

151

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OBJECTIVE:To provide an overview of the history and pharmacology of cannabis in relation to current scientific knowledge concerning actual and potential therapeutic uses of cannabis preparations and pure cannabinoids. METHODS:The literature on therapeutic uses of cannabis and cannabinoids was assessed with respect to type of study design, quality and variability of data, independent replications by the same or other investigators, magnitude of effects, comparison with other available treatments and reported adverse effects. The results of this review were also compared with those of major international reviews of this topic in the past five years. CONCLUSIONS: Pure tetrahydrocannabinol and several analogues have shown significant therapeutic benefits in the relief of nausea and vomiting, and stimulation of appetite in patients with wasting syndrome. Recent evidence clearly demonstrates analgesic and antispasticity effects that will probably prove to be clinically useful. Reduction of intraocular pressure in glaucoma and bronchodilation in asthma are not sufficiently strong, long lasting or reliable to provide a valid basis for therapeutic use. The anticonvulsant effect of cannabidiol is sufficiently promising to warrant further properly designed clinical trials. There is still a major lack of long term pharmacokinetic data and information on drug interactions. For all the present and probable future uses, pure cannabinoids, administered orally, rectally or parenterally, have been shown to be effective, and they are free of the risks of chronic inflammatory disease of the airways and upper repiratory cancer that are associated with the smoking of crude cannabis. Smoking might be justified on compassionate grounds in terminally ill patients who are already accustomed to using cannabis in this manner. Future research will probably yield new synthetic analogues with better separation of therapeutic effects from undesired psychoactivity and other side effects, and with solubility properties that may permit topical administration in the eye, or aerosol inhalation for rapid systemic effect without the risks associated with smoke inhalation.

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The Toxicity of Intravenously Used Marihuana

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Intravenous administration of cannabis and lethal anaphylaxis

Intravenous administration of cannabis and lethal anaphylaxis

Alterations of the hematologic cells in synthetic cannabinoid users

Medicinal Use of Cannabis: History and Current Status

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