The Tore Supra Cryoplant control system upgrade

Role of heat exchangers in helium liquefaction cycles: Simulation studies using Collins cycle

“…High heat loads arising out of these applications calls for the use of large-scale helium liquefiers/refrigerators [1][2][3][4]. In case of these cycles even the Carnot power requirement is about 70 W for transporting 1 W heat from the low-temperature source (4.2 K) to the atmospheric sink (300 K).…”