Pioneering superconducting magnets in large tokamaks: Evaluation after 16 years of operating experience in tore supra

Libeyre, P.; Duchateau, J.L.; Gravil, B.; Tena, E.; Henry, D.; Journeaux, J.Y.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.281

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In agreement with our recordings (FIGURE 5 and FIGURE 7) the following thermal balance, equation (5), of the 1.8 K loop gives the variable heat loads due to the induced currents in the superconductor matrix : (5) including t 2 -tj : Period of the temperature disturbance. m(P(t))…”

Section: Heat Loads Measurements On the 18 K He II Loopsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Without taking into account the static heat loads and applying the formulas below, the TABLE 2 gathers the AC losses due to five typical plasma discharges deposited on the thick casings, equation (4) and the winding packs, equation (5).…”

Section: Estimation Of Variable Heat Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a plasma disruption remains the most significant disturbance [5] with 290 kJ deposited within the thick casings according to a plasma current variation of 450 MA/s. It increases up to 100 kJ for a long plasma discharge probably due to the poloidal magnetic field variations which occur during the plasma flat top.…”

Section: H L Tout (T) H L Tin(t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The TORE SUPRA Cryogenic System Behaviour During Long Plasma Discharges with a High Injected Energy

Henry¹,

Hertout²,

Journeaux³

et al. 2006

AIP Conference Proceedings

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After the CIEL project completion including the upgrade of the plasma facing components and the water cooling system, the superconducting Tore Supra Tokamak achieved a world record of injected energy (1.1 GJ), during long duration (6 min) plasma discharges, which was enabled by the upgrade of the transfer system capacities, but also by the steady state toroidal field. The Tore Supra cryogenic refrigerator enables the toroidal field coils to be operated at nominal current along the full daily plasma operation shift. It has capacities of 300 W at 1.8 K, 750 W at 4.5 K and 30 kW at 80 K and was operated with a high reliability for more than 16 years. After a brief recall on the cryogenic refrigeration of the toroidal superconducting magnet, the distribution of the heat loads at the various levels of temperature (in standby mode 150W at 1.8 K and 200W at 4.5 K) is presented. The inventory of the calculated static and variable heat loads deposited within each part of toroidal field coils and thermal shields, is given with the factors of dependence. This analysis identifies and quantifies the major magnetic disturbances like a disruption (about 12 kJ onto the coils and 300 kJ onto the thick casings) which generate additional heat loads for the refrigerator.The measurements associated with the He II saturated bath pumping system, and the supercritical helium loop cooling the thick casings, allow us to verify thereafter the behaviour of the cryo-refrigerator during the long duration discharges, and the compliance with the theoretical model.The conclusions bring results also applicable to the cyoplant of future plant like ITER which will operate with long duration discharges.

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Section: Heat Loads Measurements On the 18 K He II Loopsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Estimation Of Variable Heat Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The TORE SUPRA Cryogenic System Behaviour During Long Plasma Discharges with a High Injected Energy

Henry¹,

Hertout²,

Journeaux³

et al. 2006

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…Libyere (2005) stated that a typical year for the Tore Supra cryogenic system is 9 months of continuous operation, monitored by an automatic control system and a staff of 12 people.…”

Section: Literature Review Of Operating Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reasonable assumption is that all insulating break units operate when the cryoplant operates. Libyere (2005) stated that the Tore Supra cryoplant has 9 months continuous operation per calendar year, that is §270 days/year. Gravil (1994Gravil ( , 1998a stated that in the first seven and ten years of cryogenic plant operation, the system had accumulated over 45,000 and 65,000 hours, respectively -which agrees with Libyere's estimate of 75% operations in a year.…”

Section: Insulating Break Failure Rate Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuum Bellows, Vacuum Piping, Cryogenic Break, and Copper Joint Failure Rate Estimates for ITER Design Use

Cadwallader¹

2010

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Towards steady state operation in large tokamaks: The experience of TORE SUPRA superconducting magnet system

Duchateau

Tena

2006

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Pioneering superconducting magnets in large tokamaks: Evaluation after 16 years of operating experience in tore supra

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

The TORE SUPRA Cryogenic System Behaviour During Long Plasma Discharges with a High Injected Energy

The TORE SUPRA Cryogenic System Behaviour During Long Plasma Discharges with a High Injected Energy

Vacuum Bellows, Vacuum Piping, Cryogenic Break, and Copper Joint Failure Rate Estimates for ITER Design Use

Towards steady state operation in large tokamaks: The experience of TORE SUPRA superconducting magnet system

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