The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study

Hamama‐Raz, Yaira; Leshem, Elazar; Ben–Ezra, Menachem

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.080

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The development and course as well as the outcome after the resolution of the lockdown are reported to be influenced by a number of factors. Gender is the most frequently reported such factor with females being at a higher risk, and this is in accord with our findings (Andersen et al, 2021a;Cruyt et al, 2021;De Pietri and Chiorri, 2021;Di Giuseppe et al, 2020;Fiorillo and Gorwood, 2020;Hamama-Raz et al, 2021;Jacques-Avino et al, 2020;Kakaje et al, 2021;Msherghi et al, 2021;Pieh et al, 2020;Pinedo et al, 2021;Ramiz et al, 2021;Rossi et al, 2020). However, in contrast to our report, at least one study reported higher depression rates in males and anxiety in females (Khubchandani et al, 2021).…”

Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Reports suggest that up to half of the population might experience significant elevations in anxiety and depressive feelings (Al-Ajlouni et al, 2020;Antiporta et al, 2021;Czeisler et al, 2021;De Pietri and Chiorri, 2021;Fiorillo and Gorwood, 2020;Jacques-Avino et al, 2020;Kakaje et al, 2021;Khubchandani et al, 2021;Killgore et al, 2021;Kopilas et al, 2021;Mary-Krause et al, 2021;Msherghi et al, 2021;Pandey et al, 2020;Pieh et al, 2020;Ramiz et al, 2021;Simon et al, 2021;Surina et al, 2021;Vrublevska et al, 2021b) with the symptomatology being mixed and complex (Ben-Ezra et al, 2021;Di Blasi et al, 2021;Mary-Krause et al, 2021) and many individuals experiencing a severe form of psychopathology (Al-Ajlouni et al, 2020;Pieh et al, 2020) and high levels of suicidal ideation (Bell et al, 2021;Czeisler et al, 2021;Efstathiou et al, 2021;Every-Palmer et al, 2020;Killgore et al, 2021). Females seems to be at a higher risk (Andersen et al, 2021a;Cruyt et al, 2021;De Pietri and Chiorri, 2021;Di Giuseppe et al, 2020;Fiorillo and Gorwood, 2020;Hamama-Raz et al, 2021;Jacques-Avino et al, 2020;Kakaje et al, 2021;Msherghi et al, 2021;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of different degrees of lockdown and self-identified gender on anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from the international COMET-G study.

Fountoulakis

Karakatsoulis²,

Abraham³

et al. 2022

Psychiatry Research

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Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different degrees of lockdown and self-identified gender on anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from the international COMET-G study.

Fountoulakis

Karakatsoulis²,

Abraham³

et al. 2022

Psychiatry Research

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“…Previous research has shown an increase of psychological distress in the general population during the first wave of COVID-19 in spring 2020, which subsided by summer to early fall 2020 as restrictions and infection numbers were decreasing ( 5 , 6 , 44 , 92 ). Data on psychological wellbeing during subsequent lockdowns point toward a similar mental health burden ( 93 ). Our baseline survey took place during a phase of relatively eased restrictions in 2020, while the follow-up was conducted during the second wave.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction in the time of COVID-19: Longitudinal course of substance use, psychological distress, and loneliness among a transnational Tyrolean sample with substance use disorders

et al. 2022

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IntroductionNext to an increased use of alcohol, the current pandemic has been associated with increased psychological distress among the general population. Research on its effects on individuals suffering from substance use disorders (SUD) is scarce. This study aimed at expanding the existing literature on this topic with a focus on the impact of loneliness and perceived social support.MethodsSixty-eight people diagnosed with SUD according to ICD-10 from the Austrian state of Tyrol and from the Italian Province of South Tyrol who had been treated in a psychiatric hospital in 2019 and one hundred and thirty-six matched reference subjects of the same regional background participated in an online survey. Sociodemographic variables and scores on the Brief Symptom Checklist, the Three-Item Loneliness Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were collected at baseline and 5 months thereafter. Baseline took place after the first wave, while follow-up largely coincided with the second wave of the pandemic.ResultsAmong both patients and the matched reference group, substance use as a means to feel better facing the pandemic rose and predicted higher levels of psychological distress. Patients were less likely to receive specific care at follow-up than at baseline and presented with a significantly higher prevalence of clinically relevant psychological distress and loneliness than the matched reference group at both assessment times. Among both groups, psychological burden remained unchanged over time. Perceived social support was generally significantly higher in the matched reference group than in patients. Loneliness and, to a lesser degree, low perceived social support predicted psychological distress.ConclusionThese findings emphasize the need of preventive and educational measures regarding substance use behavior for both individuals suffering from SUD and those without mental health disorders.

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“…Several studies have reported changes in mental health immediately following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic 1,2 . To date, however, only a limited number of studies have addressed the long-term effects of consecutive COVID-19 waves on mental health [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Some of these studies suggest that COVID-19 acts as a chronic stressor by direct impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as indirectly by changing socio-economic, lifestyle and other circumstances of those experiencing the pandemic for longer than a year 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adverse impact of consecutive COVID-19 waves on mental health

Novotný

Rivas

Kunzová

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Several recent studies reported that Covid-19 pandemic induces significant mental distress. It remains unknown, however, whether mental distress persists or undergoes extinction in response to consecutive Covid-19 waves. We here examine mental distress prior to and across the three Covid-19 waves. Methods: We measured stress and depressive symptoms prior to and across the three Covid-19 waves in a well-established population-based sample. A total of 330 participants completed e-questionnaires prior to and during the Covid-19 waves. Friedman's repeated-measures and Wilcoxon rank sum pairwise test with Bonferroni correction were used to investigate repeated-measure differences, while the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the effect of behavioral and physiological parameters on mental health. Results: We found significantly increased mental distress during each of the Covid-19 waves compared with the pre-Covid-19 period. Increased mental distress was more common in women and most pronounced during the 1st and in particular, the 3rd Covid-19 wave. The stress and depressive symptoms increased during pandemic compared with the pre-Covid-19 period by a maximum of 1.58 and 3.63 times, respectively. Negative emotions and loneliness were identified as the most significant risk factors of Covid-19-induced mental distress, while resilience was found to be protective. Conclusions: Mental distress surged during all the Covid-19 waves without showing extinction. This pattern is mechanistically reminiscent of the post-traumatic stress disorder. Our results suggest that the Covid-19 pandemic underlies development of a novel chronic mental health disorder and do not exclude possible further deterioration of mental health in case of future Covid-19 waves.

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The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

The effect of different degrees of lockdown and self-identified gender on anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from the international COMET-G study.

The effect of different degrees of lockdown and self-identified gender on anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from the international COMET-G study.

Addiction in the time of COVID-19: Longitudinal course of substance use, psychological distress, and loneliness among a transnational Tyrolean sample with substance use disorders

The adverse impact of consecutive COVID-19 waves on mental health

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