The TNM staging system and breast cancer

“…The clinicopathologic features of the patients were also recorded. The histologic types and grades of the primary tumors were determined according to a system based on a modification of the WHO classification (25) and the modified Bloom-Richardson grading scheme (26), respectively, whereas the staging of breast cancer was defined according to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system (27). ER and PR status was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, and HER2/neu oncoprotein staining was evaluated by the standard HercepTest procedure (Dako 5204).…”

Section: Tissue Samples Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Visfatin Expression in Breast Cancer Tissue Is Associated with Poor Survival

Lee

Yang

et al. 2011

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Adipocytokines, adipocyte-secreted hormones, play a critical role in breast cancer development. The expression of visfatin, a newly discovered adipocytokine, in breast cancer tissues was determined and correlated with patient clinicopathologic variables.Methods: Visfatin expression in breast cancer tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Visfatin expression was correlated with clinicopathologic variables as well as recurrence rates, using the c 2 test. The

show abstract

“…During this time, however, the classification has changed substantially. In 2003, the 6th Edition of the TNM classification was established [1][2][3][4]. The prognostic relevance of the T category is a constant factor in regard to the current and past classification [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicentric and multifocal versus unifocal breast cancer: is the tumor-node-metastasis classification justified?

Weißenbacher¹,

Zschage²,

Janni

et al. 2010

Breast Cancer Res Treat

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For classification of breast cancer (BC), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging has been considered state of the art for more than 50 years. The T category is well defined, and in multicentric and multifocal tumors, tumor size is assessed by the largest tumor focus. The aim of this study was to compare multicentric/multifocal tumor spread in breast cancer with unifocal disease and to evaluate the diagnostic relevance of multifocality. A retrospective analysis was performed on survival related events in a series of 5,691 breast cancer patients between 1963 and 2007. By matched-pair analysis, patients were entered into two comparable groups of 288 patients after categorizing them as having multifocal/multicentric or unifocal breast cancers. Matching criteria were tumor size, grading, and hormone receptor status, which were equally distributed between both groups (P = 1.000 each). Disease free survival and the occurrence of relapse or of metastatic disease were evaluated. Cox's regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. In the unifocal group, the mean breast cancer-specific survival time was 221.6 months as opposed to 203.3 months in the multicentric/multifocal group (P < 0.001, log-rank test). The occurrence of local relapse and distant metastasis was significantly increased in the multifocal group in comparison to the unifocal equivalent group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.003, respectively). Cox regression analysis for multivariate analyses demonstrated focality and centricity to be highly significant predictors for reduced overall survival (P = 0.016), local relapse (P = 0.001) and distant metastasis (P = 0.038). Tumor size, histopathological grading, hormone receptor status, and staging of lymph nodes are well-established prognostic parameters. Additionally, the number of foci should be considered as an independent prognostic parameter, which is currently not reflected in the TNM classification. We conclude that multicentric/multifocal BC is an independent BC risk factor and should be included in the risk assessment by re-evaluating the current TNM classification of the UICC.

show abstract

The TNM staging system and breast cancer

Cited by 51 publications

References 28 publications

Retracted Article: Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer: The Value of the Nottingham Prognostic Index for Patients Treated in a Single Institution

Retracted Article: Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer: The Value of the Nottingham Prognostic Index for Patients Treated in a Single Institution

High Visfatin Expression in Breast Cancer Tissue Is Associated with Poor Survival

Multicentric and multifocal versus unifocal breast cancer: is the tumor-node-metastasis classification justified?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About