The TN-island system for cold ironing

Abstract

For reducing pollution of ports, since they are frequently very close to residential districts, the docked ships are required to shut down on board generators. There are some solutions in development focused on pollution reduction, such as permissible fuels for docked ship, “scrubbers”, the cold ironing. The cold ironing or shore to ship consists in supplying the ships by the shore electrical systems. The paper deals with a short outline on the cold ironing system and on its usual grounding system. To exploit safety of personnel, protection of equipment and protection against corrosion problems, the authors suggest adopting the TN-island system for the cold ironing

Grounding Strategies for High Voltage Shore Connection of Large Passenger Vessels

“…In order to avoid accelerated corrosion and transferred touch voltages, it is necessary to separate the two grounding systems on the shore side and the vessel side. A technical solution is to convert the double grounding system required by the IEC/ISO/IEEE 80005-1 standard to the TN-island grounding system [3]. This can be achieved by placing an isolation transformer on board or alternatively inside the transformer substation on shore.…”

“…This can be achieved by placing an isolation transformer on board or alternatively inside the transformer substation on shore. In the first case, with the neutral grounded on the vessel's hull, the PE conductor is not necessary, but this solution can be too expensive for maritime companies [3]. In the second case, the interconnecting conductor between the shore and the vessel does not operate as a PE conductor, but as a neutral conductor, since it is not connected to the grounding system inside the transformer substation (Fig.…”

“…The connection between the on-board system and the port electric grid is obtained through sockets placed on the dock [3]. Flexible cables from the vessel are connected to these sockets, moved by a cable lifter placed on board.…”

“…Supplying the vessels by the shore electrical systems is referred to as shore connection, cold ironing, shore-to-ship power, alternative maritime power or onshore power supply. This can reduce the emissions of SOx and PM by 90 % and the emissions of NOx and CO 2 by 50 % [3]. There is an increasing interest for such solutions for large passenger vessels, and several ports worldwide are being equipped with high voltage shore connection (HVSC).…”

A Novel Intelligent Shore-to-Ship Power Supply System Using Collaborative Motor Control

“…Among them, shore-to-ship power technology can basically eliminate the emission of pollutants during the berthing period. Shore-to-ship power technology requires the installation of specialized equipment onshore and onboard, and ships are usually able to use shore power only at berths (Paul and Haddadian, 2011;Parise et al, 2015;Paul et al, 2018). In recent years, some studies have proposed a floating power platform to provide power for anchored ships (Jayasinghe et al, 2016;Hou, 2017;Kumar et al, 2017;Pan et al, 2018).…”