The time required to prepare for a rotated stimulus

Cooperau, Lynn A.; Shepard, Roger N.

doi:10.3758/bf03198104

Cited by 223 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…This increase in reaction time (RT) that is proportional to the orientation of the stimulus has been demonstrated for many different kinds of external objects (EOs), such as three-dimensional shapes (Shepard and Metzler 1971), alphanumeric characters (Cooper and Shepard 1973), and novel pictures of common objects (Jolicoeur 1985). However, there is a particular category of stimuli, which might lead to different patterns of results, and these are stimuli pertaining to the human body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It appears then that the internal process passes through different stages of a trajectory that mimics the physical trajectory if the stimuli were to be actually rotated. Cooper and Shepard (1973) used a related paradigm in which they presented single alphanumeric characters in various orientations and asked subjects whether they were in their canonical form or mirror-reversed. As in the Shepard and Metzler's task (1971), they showed that reaction times strongly increased with the angular departures of the characters from their canonical or upright orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impaired Imagery for Upper Limbs

Overney

Blanke

2008

Brain Topogr

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The brain processes associated with mental imagery have long been a matter of debate. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have yielded diverging evidence of mental transformation activating the right hemisphere, the left hemisphere, or both. Here, using a mirror/normal discrimination task with rotated body parts (BPs) and external objects (EOs), we describe the case of a patient who developed a selective deficit in mental imagery of such BPs due to left posterior parietal brain damage. In addition, the patient's deficit predominated for pictures of right arms (i.e., arms corresponding to the patient's imagined contralesional arm) and was further characterised by an inability to distinguish between anatomically possible and impossible arm positions. This neuropsychological deficit was corroborated by neuroimaging evidence revealing the absence of activation in the left parietal lobe for the mental rotation of body parts as shown in healthy participants. In contrast, his behavioural performance and brain activation for EOs were similar to those of healthy participants. These data suggest that mental imagery of BPs and EOs relies on different cognitive and neural mechanisms and indicate that the left posterior parietal lobe is a necessary structure for mental transformations of human BPs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Imagery for Upper Limbs

Overney

Blanke

2008

Brain Topogr

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“…Numerous studies have shown that the time required to identify or make a judgement about a figure that is rotated in the picture plane increases in a direct relationship to the degree of angular displacement from its upright position (e.g., Cooper & Shepard, 1973;Shepard & Metzler, 1971; for review, see Shepard & Cooper, 1982). Although counter-arguments have been proposed (Pylyshyn, 1979), this relationship has generally been taken as evidence that the figure is mentally rotated by the observer prior to making an identification or judgement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease on the performance of mental rotation

Lineweaver

Salmon

Bondi

et al. 2005

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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The ability to spatially rotate a mental image was compared in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 18) and patients with Huntington's disease (HD; n = 18). Compared to their respective age-matched normal control (NC) group, the speed, but not the accuracy, of mental rotation abnormally decreased with increasing angle of orientation for patients with HD. In contrast, the accuracy, but not the speed, of rotation abnormally decreased with increasing angle of orientation for patients with AD. Additional analyses showed that these unique patterns of performance were not attributable to different speed/accuracy trade-off sensitivities. This double dissociation suggests that the distinct brain regions affected in the two diseases differentially contribute to speed and accuracy of mental rotation. Specifically, the slowing exhibited by HD patients may be mediated by damage to the basal ganglia, whereas the spatial manipulation deficit of AD patients may reflect pathology in parietal and temporal lobe association cortices important for visuospatial processing. (JINS, 2005, 11, 30-39.) 2

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“…Mental rotation is the imagined movement of an object (or array of objects) in 2-or 3-dimensional space. Mental rotation has been thoroughly investigated in adults beginning in the early 1970s (Cooper and Shepard 1973;Shepard and Metzler 1971). Studies with children younger than 6 years have been less common and have yielded diverging indications of when this ability emerges and what factors influence performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a touch screen paradigm to assess the development of mental rotation between 3½ and 5½ years of age

2013

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Mental rotation is an important spatial skill. However, there is controversy concerning its early development and susceptibility to intervention. In the present study, we assessed individual differences in the mental rotation abilities of children between 3 and 5 years of age, using a touch screen paradigm to simplify task demands. A figure or its mirror image was presented in 8 different orientations, and children indicated in which of two holes the figure would fit by touching one of the holes on the screen. Task instructions were varied in three conditions, giving the children the opportunity to gather manual or observational experience with rotations of different stimuli, or giving no additional experience. Children's error rates and response times increased linearly with increasing angular disparity between the figure and the hole by the age of 5 years, but 4-year-olds were found to respond at chance for all angular disparities, despite the use of a touch screen paradigm. Both manual and observational experience increased the response accuracy of 5-year-olds, especially for children already performing well. However, there was no effect on 4-year-olds. Results point to an emerging readiness to use mental rotation and profit from observational and manual experience at age 5.

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The time required to prepare for a rotated stimulus

Cited by 223 publications

References 1 publication

Impaired Imagery for Upper Limbs

Impaired Imagery for Upper Limbs

Differential effects of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease on the performance of mental rotation

Using a touch screen paradigm to assess the development of mental rotation between 3½ and 5½ years of age

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