The Time-Feature of Uric Acid Excretion in Hyperuricemia Mice Induced by Potassium Oxonate and Adenine

Abstract

Hyperuricemia is an important risk factor of chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to assess the time-feature relationship of hyperuricemia mouse model on uric acid excretion and renal function. A hyperuricemia mouse model was established by potassium oxonate (PO) and adenine for 21 days. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to determine plasma uric acid level. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe kidney pathological changes, and Western blot was used to detect renal urate transporters’ expression. In hyperuricemia mice, plasma uric acid level increased significantly from the 3rd day, and tended to be stable from the 7th day, and the clearance rate of uric acid decreased greatly from the 3rd day. Further study found that the renal organ of hyperuricemia mice showed slight damage from the 3rd day, and significantly deteriorated renal function from the 10th day. In addition, the expression levels of GLUT9 and URAT1 were upregulated from the 3rd day, while ABCG2 and OAT1 were downregulated from the 3rd day, and NPT1 were downregulated from the 7th day in hyperuricemia mice kidney. This paper presents a method suitable for experimental hyperuricemia mouse model, and shows the time-feature of each index in a hyperuricemia mice model.

Association of Blood and Urine Parameter Value Change With the Amount of Consumed Water Regime and Sample Sampling in Healthy Individuals

“…Renal Cr excretion level depends on the glomerular ltration rate, proximal tubular secretion and OCT-2 transporter [21,22]. Higher water intake after 3. days causes a decrease of uric acid, upregulation of GLUT9 and URAT1 and down-regulation of ABCG2 and OAT1, while after 7. days affect NPT1 down-regulation in hyperuricemia mice [23]. Urate level depends on transport proteins (URAT1 and GLUT9), uricase inactivation and possible change of the intestinal microbiota [23].…”

“…Higher water intake after 3. days causes a decrease of uric acid, upregulation of GLUT9 and URAT1 and down-regulation of ABCG2 and OAT1, while after 7. days affect NPT1 down-regulation in hyperuricemia mice [23]. Urate level depends on transport proteins (URAT1 and GLUT9), uricase inactivation and possible change of the intestinal microbiota [23]. Production of concentrated Urine requires interactions among the nephron segments and vasculature in the kidney medulla [24].…”

Daily water regime and sample sampling affect Blood and Urine parameter value change in healthy individuals

“…Renal Cr excretion level depends on the glomerular ltration rate, proximal tubular secretion and OCT-2 transporter [30,31] . Higher water intake after 3. days causes a decrease of uric acid, up-regulation of GLUT9 and URAT1 and down-regulation of ABCG2 and OAT1, while after 7. days affect NPT1 down-regulation in hyperuricemia mice [32] . Urate level depends on transport proteins (URAT1 and GLUT9), uricase inactivation and possible change of the intestinal microbiota [32] .…”

“…Higher water intake after 3. days causes a decrease of uric acid, up-regulation of GLUT9 and URAT1 and down-regulation of ABCG2 and OAT1, while after 7. days affect NPT1 down-regulation in hyperuricemia mice [32] . Urate level depends on transport proteins (URAT1 and GLUT9), uricase inactivation and possible change of the intestinal microbiota [32] . Production of concentrated Urine requires interactions among the nephron segments and vasculature in the kidney medulla [33] .…”

Daily water regime and sample sampling affect blood and urine parameter value change in healthy individuals

“…Renal Cr excretion level depends on the glomerular filtration rate, proximal tubular secretion and OCT-2 transporter (Ciarimboli et al, 2012;Musso & Oreopoulos, 2011). Higher water intake after 3 days causes a decrease of uric acid, upregulation of GLUT9 and URAT1, and downregulation of ABCG2 and OAT1, while after 7 days affect NPT1 downregulation in hyperuricemia mice (Wen et al, 2020). Urate level depends on transport proteins (URAT1 and GLUT9), uricase inactivation, and possible change of the intestinal microbiota (Wen et al, 2020).…”