The Time Delays of Gravitational Lens HE 0435−1223: An Early‐Type Galaxy with a Rising Rotation Curve

Kochanek, C. S.; Morgan, N. D.; Falco, E.; McLeod, B. A.; Winn, Joshua N.; Dembicky, J.; Ketzeback, B.

doi:10.1086/499766

Cited by 174 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This corroborates the previous studies of the HE0435-1223 gravitational lens system by Kochanek et al (2006) and Courbin et al (2010).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Given the short time delays (Kochanek et al 2006) and because we expect microlensing to lead to uncorrelated flux variations between the four lensed components, these results support the assumption that the observed magnitude and color A42, page 6 of 8 variations are very likely caused by intrinsic variations of the QSO, while the lensed "A" component is probably also affected by microlensing.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Morgan et al (2005) suggested the presence of substructures in the lensing galaxy. The first systematic monitoring, which was performed in the R filter and covered the years between 2003 and 2005, was carried out by Kochanek et al (2006): that paper provided astrometric measurements compatible with the previous works, measured the time delays between the images (Δt AD = −14.37, Δt AB = −8.00, and Δt AC = −2.10 days, with errors respectively of 6%, 10% and 35%), and finally confirmed the lensing galaxy as an elliptical with a rising rotation curve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flux and color variations of the quadruply imaged quasar HE 0435-1223

Ricci

Poels

Elyiv

et al. 2011

A&A

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Aims. We present VRi photometric observations of the quadruply imaged quasar HE0435-1223, carried out with the Danish 1.54 m telescope at the La Silla Observatory. Our aim was to monitor and study the magnitudes and colors of each lensed component as a function of time. Methods. We monitored the object during two seasons (2008 and 2009) in the VRi spectral bands, and reduced the data with two independent techniques: difference imaging and point spread function (PSF) fitting. Results. Between these two seasons, our results show an evident decrease in flux by ≈0.2-0.4 magnitudes of the four lensed components in the three filters. We also found a significant increase (≈0.05-0.015) in their V − R and R − i color indices. Conclusions. These flux and color variations are very likely caused by intrinsic variations of the quasar between the observed epochs. Microlensing effects probably also affect the brightest "A" lensed component.

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“…This corroborates the previous studies of the HE0435-1223 gravitational lens system by Kochanek et al (2006) and Courbin et al (2010).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flux and color variations of the quadruply imaged quasar HE 0435-1223

Ricci

Poels

Elyiv

et al. 2011

A&A

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“…One pair of such multiply lensed quasars with similar parameters, SDSS J1004+4112 and HE 0435-1223, were reported by Fohlmeister et al (2006) and Kochanek et al (2006), respectively. We shall employ this pair to illustrate how the cosmological distribution of galaxies near the light path can substantially enlarge the random uncertainty in the value of H 0 .…”

Section: Testing the Dynamics Of Global Geometrysupporting

confidence: 68%

Strong‐Lensing Time Delay: A New Way of Measuring Cosmic Shear

Lieu

2008

ApJ

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The phenomenon of cosmic shear, or distortion of images of distant sources unaccompanied by magnification, is an effective way of probing the content and state of the foreground universe, because light rays do not have to pass through matter clumps in order to be sheared. It is shown that the delay in the arrival times between two simultaneously emitted photons that appear to be arriving from a pair of images of a strongly lensed cosmological source contains not only information about the Hubble constant, but also the long-range gravitational effect of galactic-scale mass clumps located away from the light paths in question. This is therefore also a method of detecting shear. Data on time delays among a sample of strongly lensed sources can provide crucial information about whether extra dynamics beyond gravity and dark energy are responsible for the global flatness of space. If the standard ÃCDM model is correct, there should be a large dispersion in the value of H 0 as inferred from the delay data by (the usual procedure of ) ignoring the shear from all other mass clumps except the strong lens itself. The fact that there has not been any report of a significant deviation from the h ¼ 0:7 mark during any of the H 0 determinations by this technique may already be pointing to the absence of the random effect discussed here.

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“…002 on the lensed image positions) and published simple models. We found eleven systems gathering these conditions 8 : B0128+437 (Biggs et al 2004), MG0414+0534 (Ros et al 2000), HE0435-1223 (Morgan et al 2005;Kochanek et al 2006), SDSS0924+0219 Eigenbrod et al 2006a), H1413+117 (Chantry & Magain 2007;MacLeod et al 2009), B1422+231 (Bradač et al 2002), B1608+656 (Koopmans et al 2003), B1933+503 9 (Cohn et al 2001), MG2016+112 (Chen et al 2007;More et al 2009), WFI2033-4723 (Vuissoz et al 2008), and B2045+265 (McKean et al 2007. Two of these systems (H1413+117, B1933+503) are easily reproduced by simple models because of the large uncertainty affecting the position of the lensing galaxy (σ gal > 0.…”

Section: Quads and Astrometric Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 84%

COSMOGRAIL: the COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational Lenses

Chantry¹,

Sluse²,

Magain³

2010

A&A

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Aims. We attempt to place very accurate positional constraints on seven gravitationally lensed quasars currently being monitored by the COSMOGRAIL collaboration, and shape parameters for the light distribution of the lensing galaxy. We attempt to determine simple mass models that reproduce the observed configuration and predict time delays. We finally test, for the quads, whether there is evidence of astrometric perturbations produced by substructures in the lensing galaxy, which may preclude a good fit with the simple models. Methods. We apply the iterative MCS deconvolution method to near-IR HST archival data of seven gravitationally lensed quasars. This deconvolution method allows us to differentiate the contributions of the point sources from those of extended structures such as Einstein rings. This method leads to an accuracy of 1-2 mas in the relative positions of the sources and lens. The limiting factor of the method is the uncertainty in the instrumental geometric distortions. We then compute mass models of the lensing galaxy using state-of-the-art modeling techniques. Results. We determine the relative positions of the lensed images and lens shape parameters of seven lensed quasars: HE 0047-1756, RX J1131-1231, SDSS J1138+0314, SDSS J1155+6346, SDSS J1226-0006, WFI J2026-4536, and HS 2209+1914. The lensed image positions are derived with 1-2 mas accuracy. Isothermal and de Vaucouleurs mass models are calculated for the whole sample. The effect of the lens environment on the lens mass models is taken into account with a shear term. Doubly imaged quasars are equally well fitted by each of these models. A large amount of shear is necessary to reproduce SDSS J1155+6346 and SDSS J1226-006. In the latter case, we identify a nearby galaxy as the dominant source of shear. The quadruply imaged quasar SDSS J1138+0314 is reproduced well by simple lens models, which is not the case for the two other quads, RX J1131-1231 and WFI J2026-4536. This might be the signature of astrometric perturbations caused by massive substructures in the galaxy, which are unaccounted for by the models. Other possible explanations are also presented.

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The Time Delays of Gravitational Lens HE 0435−1223: An Early‐Type Galaxy with a Rising Rotation Curve

Cited by 174 publications

References 46 publications

Flux and color variations of the quadruply imaged quasar HE 0435-1223

Flux and color variations of the quadruply imaged quasar HE 0435-1223

Strong‐Lensing Time Delay: A New Way of Measuring Cosmic Shear

COSMOGRAIL: the COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational Lenses

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