The three hegemonies of historical capitalism

The Geopolitics of China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative

“…On the one hand, M-T-M' emphasises that power may be gained by increasing control of capital in the form of economic resources or profit making (from M to M'), but this requires the construction of certain geographical entities (T), Harvey's spatial fixes, to ensure the realisation of investments. 51 On the other hand, T-M-T' emphasises an increase in power through gaining control of territory (from T to T'), but this requires capital (M) to finance such territorial projects. Of course, Arrighi's heuristic formulas simply provide insight into the geopolitics of the messy real world that is the outcome of these two fused and mutually supportive processes.…”

“…Rather, the MSRI is a contemporary expression of a constant geopolitics between territorial and network imaginations and practices. 66 Hence, the collection of essays does provide insight in to the relative balance of territorial imperatives and economic goals, and the related possibilities of conflict and cooperation.…”

“…The MSRI, then, can be seen as a contemporary example of strategies that have occurred throughout history that combines Arrighi's territorial and economic logics to create global economic linkages for, ostensibly, domestic needs. 70 However, Zhang also points out that the particular nature of China's "hybrid" form of capitalism may give the MSRI a unique geopolitical form.…”

A Governança econômica global e os desafios do G-20 pós-crise financeira: análise das posições de Estados Unidos, China, Alemanha e Brasil

“…Historicamente, as potências que tiveram capacidade de liderar saídas de situações de caos sistêmico e crises globais se apresentaram como potências hegemônicas, construindo uma ordem mundial, de modo a tornar universais seus valores, regras, normas e interesses particulares (Arrighi 1993). Hoje, na atual situação de crise, nenhum país -sejam as potências tradicionais ou emergentes -mostrou capacidade de exercer esse papel de liderança e guiar uma saída para a crise a partir de seus moldes.…”

What's modern about the modern world‐system? Introducing ordinary modernity through world hegemony

“…World hegemony is seen as a property of the whole system and not just of the hegemon itself (Arrighi, 1990;Hopkins, 1990). Hegemonic states are particular core states that appear at specific conjunctures in the development of the world-system and are implicated in the overall development of the system.…”