The three-dimensional fine structure of the human heart: a scanning electron microscopic atlas for research and education

Gálfiová, Paulína; Polák, Štefan; Mikušová, Renáta; Gažová, Andrea; Kosnáč, Daniel; Barczi, Tomas; Kyselovič, Ján; Varga, Ivan

doi:10.1515/biolog-2017-0175

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The subendothelial layer was present in between the inner endocardium and middle myocardium. The present finding was in line with the reports of Myklebust et al (1975) in sheep, Galfiova et al (2017) in human and Sizer et al (2020) in Saanen goat. It consisted of connective tissue fibers and conducting fibers (Fig 6).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

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Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies on the Auricular and Atrio-ventricular Valvular Architecture of Pre-natal Non-descript Sheep

Sahu

Mishra

Sathapathy

2021

IJAR

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Background: Being the vital organ of circulatory system, the development of the heart before birth must be studied to safeguard the animal from the incidence of various developmental anomalies. The ultrastructural details of auricular and atrio-ventricular valvular architecture of heart especially in pre-natal sheep has not yet been reported. Methods: The collected foeti of sheep were divided into three age groups viz. early prenatal (up to 50 days), mid prenatal (51-100 days) and late prenatal (101 to 150 days). The samples of auricle, bicuspid and tricuspid valves were processed for scanning electron microscopic study (Scanning Electron Microscope, Make: Hitachi and Model: S-3400N) and subsequently, the samples were viewed and the photographs were taken in the facility available at Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), OUAT, Bhubaneswar. The measurements of various parameters of auricles and valves were also taken at the ultrastructural level by the inbuilt software programming system. The recorded data were subjected to routine statistical analysis.Result: It was revealed that the endocardium was the inner layer of the auricles of heart. The endothelial surface of the auricles was occupied by the simple squamous epithelium. The endothelial cells were elongated in shape in all the age groups. The subendothelial layer was consisted of connective tissue fibers and conducting fibers. The pectinate muscles covered the inner side of the right and left atria and were interconnected having a network like appearance except in mid prenatal stage, i.e. at 96 days of gestation, where they were arranged linearly. There was presence of pores among the pectinate muscles in both the atria in all the age groups under study. The endothelial surface of the bicuspid or mitral and tricuspid valves was lined by simple squamous endothelium that projected into the lumen of the valve. There was presence of pores among the endothelial cells of the valves. Further, the subendothelial layer was present just below the endothelium and comprised of connective tissue fibers and conducting fibers in both the valves. The width of the fibers in bicuspid valve was not uniform and was further categorized into thick and thin fibers especially in the mid prenatal stage, i.e. at 96 days of gestation. There was presence of clusters of pores among the endothelial cells of the tricuspid valve in the heart especially in the late prenatal stage, i.e. at 120 days of gestation period.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…(2011) in human, Konig et al (2013) in domestic animals, Galfiova et al (2017) in human and Varga et al (2017) in human. The endothelial surface of the auricles was occupied by the simple squamous epithelium (Fig 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies on the Auricular and Atrio-ventricular Valvular Architecture of Pre-natal Non-descript Sheep

Sahu

Mishra

Sathapathy

2021

IJAR

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“…The endocardium is the innermost that was covered with a thin layer of endothelium underlying the subendothelial connective tissue layer. This finding was similar to Gálfiová et al (2017). Deep to the endocardium, clusters of Purkinje fibers were distributed, as a part of the conducting system of the heart.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Histological study on the heart ventricle of Egyptian bovines (<i>Bos aegyptiacus</i>)

Emam¹,

Abugherin²

2020

Open Vet J.

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Introduction The heart is a hollow organ that pumps blood through blood vessels into all body organs (Pathak and Kumar, 2010). In mammals, it consists of two atria and two ventricles. The ventricles have thicker walls than atria. The required physiological load on the ventricles to pump blood throughout the body is much greater than the load exerted by the atria to fill the ventricles. The histological architecture of ventricular myocardial fibers is critical for cardiac functions (Gouda et al., 2015). The anatomical features of the ventricles in most animal species were reported (

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“…Although it is a closed system in both circuits, it starts and ends in the heart. The heart consists of three layers, from the outer part to the inner part, as Pericardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium [ 1 ]. The muscles in the myocardium, which makes up most of the heart's weight, are the layer where contractions take place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Heart Arrhythmia on Electrocardiogram using Artificial Neural Networks

Badr¹,

Al-Otaibi

Alturki

et al. 2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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The electrocardiogram, also known as an electrocardiogram (ECG), is considered to be one of the most significant sources of data regarding the structure and function of the heart. In order to obtain an electrocardiogram, the contractions and relaxations of the heart are first captured in the proper recording medium. Due to the fact that irregularities in the functioning of the heart are reflected in the ECG indications, it is possible to use these indications to diagnose cardiac issues. Arrhythmia is the medical term for the abnormalities that might occur in the regular functioning of the heart (rhythm disorder). Environmental and genetic variables can both play a role in the development of arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are reflected on the ECG sign, which depicts the same region regardless of where in the heart they occur; thus, they may be seen in ECG signals. This is how arrhythmias can be detected. Due to the time limits of this study, the ECG signals of individuals who were healthy, as well as those who suffered from arrhythmias were divided into 10-minute segments. The arithmetic mean approach is one of the fundamental statistical factors. It is used to construct the feature vectors of each received wave and interval, and these vectors offer information regarding arrhythmias in accordance with the agreed-upon temporal restrictions. In order to identify the heart arrhythmias, the obtained feature vectors are fed into a classifier that is based on a multilayer perceptron neural network. In conclusion, ROC analysis and contrast matrix are utilised in order to evaluate the overall correct classification result produced by the ECG-based classifier. Because of this, it has been demonstrated that the method that was recommended has high classification accuracy when attempting to diagnose arrhythmia based on ECG indications. This research makes use of a variety of diagnostic terminologies, including ECG signal, multilayer perceptron neural network, signal processing, disease diagnosis, and arrhythmia diagnosis.

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The three-dimensional fine structure of the human heart: a scanning electron microscopic atlas for research and education

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies on the Auricular and Atrio-ventricular Valvular Architecture of Pre-natal Non-descript Sheep

Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies on the Auricular and Atrio-ventricular Valvular Architecture of Pre-natal Non-descript Sheep

Histological study on the heart ventricle of Egyptian bovines (<i>Bos aegyptiacus</i>)

Detection of Heart Arrhythmia on Electrocardiogram using Artificial Neural Networks

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