The three-dimensional architecture of the human styloglossus especially its posterior muscle bundles

Saito, Hiroshi; Itoh, Ichizoh

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2006.10.002

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[13][14][15] Tongue base retraction has been attributed to the covariant action of the styloglossus and hyoglossus. 16,17 Eigenvectors in the present study approximating the mechanics of the styloglossus and hyoglossus functioning to retract the tongue base support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Recent structural and functional evidence indicates that the long pharyngeal muscles (stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus) function as a posterior muscular sling to elevate the larynx; these have been found to contribute more significantly to hyolaryngeal approximation than the thyrohyoid in normal swallowing . Tongue base retraction has been attributed to the covariant action of the styloglossus and hyoglossus . Eigenvectors in the present study approximating the mechanics of the styloglossus and hyoglossus functioning to retract the tongue base support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…These specific landmarks map the function of the suprahyoid or floor of mouth muscles displacing the hyoid bone, the long pharyngeal muscles elevating the larynx, and the styloglossus and hyoglossus retracting the tongue base (Fig. ) . Computational morphometric analysis of these coordinates enables comparison of multivariate swallowing mechanics associated with the three positions of the epiglottis during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing and produces vectors indicating hyoid movement, laryngeal elevation, pharyngeal shortening, and tongue base retraction underlying the FEM and SEM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). 16,17 Computational morphometric analysis of these coordinates enables comparison of multivariate swallowing mechanics associated with the three positions of the epiglottis during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing and produces vectors indicating hyoid movement, laryngeal elevation, pharyngeal shortening, and tongue base retraction underlying the FEM and SEM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational analysis of swallowing mechanics underlying impaired epiglottic inversion

et al. 2015

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Objective Determine swallowing mechanics associated with the first and second epiglottic movements, that is, movement to horizontal and full inversion respectively, in order to provide a clinical interpretation of impaired epiglottic function. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods A heterogeneous cohort of patients with swallowing difficulties was identified (n=92). Two speech-language pathologists reviewed 5ml thin and 5ml pudding videofluoroscopic swallow studies per subject, and assigned epiglottic component scores of 0=complete inversion, 1=partial inversion, and 2=no inversion forming three groups of videos for comparison. Coordinates mapping minimum and maximum excursion of the hyoid, pharynx, larynx, and tongue base during pharyngeal swallowing were recorded using ImageJ software. A canonical variate analysis with post-hoc discriminant function analysis of coordinates was performed using MorphoJ software to evaluate mechanical differences between groups. Eigenvectors characterizing swallowing mechanics underlying impaired epiglottic movements were visualized. Results Nineteen of 184 video-swallows were rejected for poor quality (n=165). A Goodman-Kruskal index of predictive association showed no correlation between epiglottic component scores and etiologies of dysphagia (λ=.04). A two-way analysis of variance by epiglottic component scores showed no significant interaction effects between sex and age (f=1.4, p=.25). Discriminant function analysis demonstrated statistically significant mechanical differences between epiglottic component scores: 1&2, representing the first epiglottic movement (Mahalanobis distance=1.13, p=.0007); and, 0&1, representing the second epiglottic movement (Mahalanobis distance=0.83, p=.003). Eigenvectors indicate that laryngeal elevation and tongue base retraction underlie both epiglottic movements. Conclusion Results suggest that reduced tongue base retraction and laryngeal elevation underlie impaired first and second epiglottic movements. The styloglossus, hyoglossus and long pharyngeal muscles are implicated as targets for rehabilitation in dysphagic patients with impaired epiglottic inversion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational analysis of swallowing mechanics underlying impaired epiglottic inversion

et al. 2015

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“…They further describe it consisting of muscle bundles that proceed as an extension of the transverse and longitudinal fibers of the tongue. Others have further substantiated that the glossopharyngeal part of the superior constrictor originates from the root of the tongue 5–7 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in an Infant With Prominent Glossopharyngeal Muscles: Therapy and Outcome

Shadfar

Digoy

2008

The Laryngoscope

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We present a case of prominent glossopharyngeal muscles causing severe obstructive symptoms in a 3-month-old child. Preoperative sleep studies and dynamic microdirect laryngoscopy were used in evaluation of the patient. Postoperative sleep studies confirmed a substantial reduction in apneic events after release of the muscle folds. The literature addresses the variant anatomy, and treatment options are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of prominent glossopharyngeal muscles leading to apneic events. We propose that in patients with prominent glossopharyngeal folds, surgical release may significantly improve symptoms of sleep apnea and in severe cases prevent tracheostomy.

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Tongue Structure and Function

Sokoloff

Burkholder

2012

Craniofacial Muscles

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The three-dimensional architecture of the human styloglossus especially its posterior muscle bundles

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Computational analysis of swallowing mechanics underlying impaired epiglottic inversion

Computational analysis of swallowing mechanics underlying impaired epiglottic inversion

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in an Infant With Prominent Glossopharyngeal Muscles: Therapy and Outcome

Tongue Structure and Function

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