“…Faced with a low degree of civil society organization in new policy issues, state agencies have resorted to what Bütschi and Cattacin (1993) termed "reflexive subsidiarity," that is, when the state (financially) supports the establishment of voluntary associations, which it then invites to join governance networks and play a substantial role in the implementation of state policies. This strongly echoes the instrumental conjecture in which governance networks are seen as a resource to powerful state actors.…”
Section: The Relationship To the Swiss Democratic Milieumentioning
Advances in understanding the democratic anchorage of governance networks require carefully designed and contextually grounded empirical analysis that take into account contextual factors. The article uses a conjectural framework to study the impact of the national democratic milieu on the relationship between network governance and representative institutions in four European countries: the United Kingdom, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Denmark. The article shows that the distinction between majoritarian and consensus democracy as well as the varying strength of voluntary associations are important contextual factors that help explain cross-national differences in the relationship between governance networks and representative institutions. We conclude that a context of weak associationalism in majoritarian democracies facilitates the instrumentalization of networks by government actors (United Kingdom), whereas a more complementary role of governance networks prevails in 7
“…Faced with a low degree of civil society organization in new policy issues, state agencies have resorted to what Bütschi and Cattacin (1993) termed "reflexive subsidiarity," that is, when the state (financially) supports the establishment of voluntary associations, which it then invites to join governance networks and play a substantial role in the implementation of state policies. This strongly echoes the instrumental conjecture in which governance networks are seen as a resource to powerful state actors.…”
Section: The Relationship To the Swiss Democratic Milieumentioning
Advances in understanding the democratic anchorage of governance networks require carefully designed and contextually grounded empirical analysis that take into account contextual factors. The article uses a conjectural framework to study the impact of the national democratic milieu on the relationship between network governance and representative institutions in four European countries: the United Kingdom, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Denmark. The article shows that the distinction between majoritarian and consensus democracy as well as the varying strength of voluntary associations are important contextual factors that help explain cross-national differences in the relationship between governance networks and representative institutions. We conclude that a context of weak associationalism in majoritarian democracies facilitates the instrumentalization of networks by government actors (United Kingdom), whereas a more complementary role of governance networks prevails in 7
“…Yet, the Bern, Zurich and Lucerne schemes also feature a (subsidiary) involvement of the canton. The various schemes also differ with respect to the involvement of civil society actors, traditionally important players in social policy in Switzerland (see Bütschi & Cattacin 1993). In the Zurich scheme, nongovernment organisations (NGOs) participate as equal partners.…”
Section: Metropolitan Governance and Legitimacy In Five Swiss Metropomentioning
Abstract. Focusing on area‐wide policy coordination in metropolitan areas, this article examines the democratic consequences of the supposed shift ‘from government to governance’. In the first, theoretical, part it draws upon the debate on old and new routes towards regionalism in order to identify four different types of metropolitan governance. It then develops two working hypotheses – an optimistic and a pessimistic one – in order to analyse the implications of various types of metropolitan governance on inclusiveness, modes of decision making and democratic accountability. In the second part, these hypotheses are tested on the basis of comparative case studies on twenty schemes of area‐wide policy coordination in five Swiss metropolitan areas in the fields of water supply, public transport, social services for drug users and cultural amenities. The results suggest that ‘governance’ is superior to ‘government’ in terms of inclusiveness, that it cannot be seen as significantly linked to the fostering of deliberative decision making, and that it can present serious flaws in terms of accountability. It is noted, however, that a shift ‘from government to governance’ does not intrinsically imply democratic drawbacks. Contextual factors play a strong conditioning role.
“…11 En outre, les caractéristiques du programme d'impulsion, c'est-à-dire la (nouvelle) subsidiarité (Bütschi et Cattacin 1993;1994), le fait de laisser l'initiative aux privés, la durée limitée du programme et la possibilité de révision après quatre ans, correspondaient à un plus petit dénominateur commun entre les façons de voir le rôle de l'Etat dans le social des divers partis politiques, ce qui a permis de dégager un large consensus parlementaire.…”
RésuméDans cet article, nous essayons de mettre en évidence les facteurs et les mécanismes qui influencent le processus de prise de décision à l'oeuvre en Suisse dans l'adoption de nouvelles politiques sociales en nous appuyant sur un exemple récent, l'adoption en 2002 d'un programme d'impulsion fédéral pour la création de structures d'accueil pour enfants en bas âge. L'article discute d'abord plusieurs hypothèses inspirées de la littérature sur la politique sociale. Il propose ensuite un compte rendu détaillé du processus de "policymaking" qui a mené à l'adoption du programme examiné. Dans la discussion conclusive, plusieurs facteurs sont identifiés comme étant responsables du succès de l'initiative: la convergence d'intérêts entre gauche modernisatrice et droite économique, la situation économique favorable en 2000 et 2001 et la coïncidence de plusieurs événements qui peut être caractérisée de "fenêtre d'opportunité". Le fait que la réussite de l'initiative soit liée à la conjonction d'un nombre important de facteurs favorables nous amène à penser que l'adoption de mesures de ce type restera un événement plutôt rare.
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