The third dialect of English: Some Canadian evidence

Clarke, Sandra; Elms, Ford; Youssef, Amani

doi:10.1017/s0954394500000995

Cited by 181 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Fronting of the vowel nucleus (the onset) is found in Southern varieties of American English (Labov 1994: 59, 202, 208). /uÉ/-fronting has been noted in many parts of the English-speaking world (Bauer 1985;Clarke et al 1995;Torgersen 1997; Torgersen and Kerswill 2004). Because both changes involve the fronting of central vowel, it may be instructive to compare their sociolinguistic behavior; co-variation between them has been noted in, for example, Philadelphia and other southern U.S. varieties (Labov 1994: 202).…”

Section: Dialect Contact and The Contribution Of Children To New Dialmentioning

confidence: 99%

New towns and koineization: linguistic and social correlates

Kerswill¹,

Williams²

2005

Linguistics

106

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The establishment of new towns in the twentieth century in many parts of the world is a test bed of koineization, the type of language change that takes place when speakers of di¤erent, but mutually intelligible language varieties come together, and which may lead to new dialect or koine formation. This article presents the case of Milton Keynes, an English new town designated in 1967. Our study investigated the speech of a sample of 48 working-class children divided into three age groups: four, eight, and twelve years of age, along with one caregiver for each. We hypothesize that the formation of a new dialect is in the gift of older children. We also hypothesize that dialect levelling, which is part of koineization, will be more rapid in a new town than in an old-established town. Detailed quantitative results for four vowels strongly support these hypotheses. At the same time, we investigate the social network types contracted by new town residents. We found many to be socially isolated locally, but that they maintained contacts with their place of origin. We show that migrants violate what the Milroys argue to be the normal inverse relationship between socioeconomic class and social network density: migrants have uniplex networks, while still having a low socioeconomic status. The consequences for dialect change are considered.

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Section: Dialect Contact and The Contribution Of Children To New Dialmentioning

confidence: 99%

New towns and koineization: linguistic and social correlates

Kerswill¹,

Williams²

2005

Linguistics

106

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“…This sound change is part of the Canadian Vowel Shift, which involves the lowering and retraction of three front lax vowels including /ɪ/ (Clarke, Elms, & Youssef, 1995). Though recent work on TOENG has shown stability in /ɪ/ and has also shown retraction rather than lowering as the primary direction of change (Roeder & Jarmasz, 2010), it seems possible that GEN 2 HCAN speakers may be influenced by the already lowered and retracted /ɪ/.…”

Section: Toeng Influence Through Phonetic Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation and change in Toronto heritage Cantonese

Tse

2016

APLV

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This paper presents the first sociophonetic study of Cantonese vowels using sociolinguistic interview data from the Heritage Language Variation and Change in Toronto Corpus. It focuses on four allophones [iː], [ɪk/ɪŋ], [uː], and [ʊk/ʊŋ] of two contrastive vowels /iː/ and /uː/ across two generations of speakers. The F1 and F2 of 30 vowel tokens were analyzed for these four allophones from each of 20 speakers (N = 600 vowel tokens). Results show inter-generational maintenance of allophonic conditioning for /iː/ and /uː/ as well as an interaction between generation and sex such that second-generation female speakers have the most retracted variants of [ɪk/ɪŋ] and the most fronted variants of [iː]. This paper will discuss three possible explanations based on internal motivation, phonetic assimilation, and phonological influence. This will illustrate the importance of multiple comparisons (including inter-generational, cross-linguistic, and cross-community) in the relatively new field of heritage language phonology research.

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“…Les travaux de Sandra Clarke sur la situation sociolinguistique de Terre-Neuve mériteraient certainement une présentation, mais comme ils visent surtout la caractérisation de l'anglais terreneuvien et des langues amérindiennes du Labrador, ils s'intégraient mal dans le plan suivi ici. Je renvoie donc simplement à quelques-unes de ses contributions récentes, à savoir Clarke 1993, Clarke, Elms et Youssef 1995, Clarke 1998 …”

Section: La Variable Unité D'analyse De La Variationunclassified

Regard rétrospectif sur la sociolinguistique québécoise et canadienne

Thibault

2003

rql

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L’article fait le survol de la recherche sociolinguistique canadienne des trente-cinq dernières années s’insérant dans le cadre de la linguistique variationniste. Trois thèmes sont abordés : 1o l’évolution du traitement de la notion de variable, qui est au coeur de la démarche empirique des variationnistes ; 2o le type de données sur lesquelles reposent les analyses, et 3o le lien dynamique entre les locuteurs dont le parler est analysé et la communauté dont ils se réclament. Les recherches rapportées sont centrées autour de la caractérisation des variations au sein d’une communauté, des effets du contact entre deux langues et des sources historiques des variétés étudiées.This article reviews sociolinguistic research carried out in Canada over the last thirty five years, under the rubric of variationist linguistics. Three themes are developed : 1o The evolution in treatment of the «variable», a notion which is central to the empirical method of variationist linguistics ; 2o the type of data on which analyses are based ; and 3o the dynamic relations between the speakers whose speech is studied and the community to which they claim allegiance. The research reported is centered around the characterization of variations within a community, the effects of the contact between two languages, and the historical sources of the varieties studied

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The third dialect of English: Some Canadian evidence

Cited by 181 publications

References 13 publications

New towns and koineization: linguistic and social correlates

New towns and koineization: linguistic and social correlates

Variation and change in Toronto heritage Cantonese

Regard rétrospectif sur la sociolinguistique québécoise et canadienne

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