The thermoacoustic effect and its use in ultrasonic power determination

Fay, B.; Rinker, M.

doi:10.1016/0041-624x(96)00044-3

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Plexiglass has been successfully used in previous investigations and is an available material that can be easily processed and quickly assembled in-house (Fay and Rinker 1996b;Wilkens 2002Wilkens , 2004Wilkens , 2010a. The inner absorbent cylinder in the sensor designed has a diameter of 20 mm and an absorber length of 2 mm.…”

Section: Thermoacoustic Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensor was coupled directly to the transducer through the ultrasound medium, as shown in Figure 1 (right), and ultrasound was applied until a stable reading was obtained. This setup is easy to operate and different from various other experimental setups (Fay and Rinker 1996b;Fay et al 1994;Wilkens 2002Wilkens , 2004Wilkens , 2010aWilkens , 2010b using thermoacoustic sensors in which the sensor and the transducer are operated in a large degassed water bath.…”

Section: Substitution Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard thermoacoustic sensor design comprises a solid cylinder surrounded by a second hollow cylinder, as shown in Figure 1 (left) (Fay and Rinker 1996b;Fay et al 1994;Myers and Herman 2002;Wilkens 2002Wilkens , 2010aWilkens , 2010b. At the sensor's interface, a percentage of an incident ultrasound wave is reflected at the water-sensor boundary.…”

Section: Thermoacoustic Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sensors are based on the transformation of incident ultrasonic energy into heat inside a small cylindrical absorber and the detection of the temperature rise on the rear side of the absorber (Wilkens 2010a). Previous thermoacoustic sensor operation has required the sensor and transducer to be placed in a large water tank, similar to what is done in hydrophone or radiation force balance measurements (Fay and Rinker 1996a;Fay and Rinker 1996b;Fay et al 1994;Wilkens 2002Wilkens , 2004Wilkens , 2010aWilkens , 2010b. To further simplify thermoacoustic sensor operation, we designed and tested a close-proximity thermoacoustic sensor that can determine radiated ultrasound intensities by directly coupling a transducer via a coupling medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Design and Characterization of a Close-Proximity Thermoacoustic Sensor

Xing

Choi

Ang³

et al. 2013

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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Section: Thermoacoustic Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Substitution Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermoacoustic Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Design and Characterization of a Close-Proximity Thermoacoustic Sensor

Xing

Choi

Ang³

et al. 2013

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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“…Thermoacoustic sensors are based on the transformation of the incident ultrasonic energy into heat inside a small-sized cylindrical absorber, and the detection of the temperature rise on the rear side of the absorber [2]. The temperature increase is dependent on the acoustic and thermal properties of the absorbing material and the intensity of the incident ultrasonic wave [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Close-proximity, real-time thermoacoustic sensors: Design, characterization, and testing

Choi

Ang²,

Chen

2012

2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

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This paper describes the design, characterization, and testing of a close-proximity, real-time thermoacoustic sensor for ultrasound intensity measurements. Plexiglass sensors, 20 mm diameter and 3.3 mm length, absorbed ultrasound with a frequency of 1.5 MHz, a 20% duty cycle, and a 1 kHz pulse repetition frequency, at intensities between 30 and 100 mW/cm 2 . An embedded system design fit thermistor temperature data to a curve relating the temperature rise averaged across the backside of the sensor to the applied ultrasound intensity, and calculated the corresponding ultrasound intensity. Good linearity was demonstrated between the ultrasound intensity measured using a radiation force balance, and intensity measured using the thermoacoustic sensor when placed in contact with the acoustic transducer: accuracy within 5% of the target value and standard deviation of 4.55% or less. The sensor has an operational temperature range of 22°C to 26°C. This design makes for a quick and convenient method of checking ultrasound intensity, and also presents the possibility of integrated sensor and ultrasound generator systems using feedback loops to achieve auto-calibration.

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Metrology for ultrasonic applications

Zeqiri

2007

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology

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This paper provides a review of current metrological capability applied to the characterisation of the acoustic output of equipment used within medical ultrasonic applications. Key measurement devices, developed to underpin metrology in this area, are the radiation force balance, used to determine total output power, and the piezo-electric hydrophone, used to resolve the spatial and temporal distribution of acoustic pressure. The measurement infrastructure in place within the United Kingdom ensuring users are able to carry out traceable measurements of these quantities in a meaningful way, is described. This includes the relevant primary standards, the way international equivalence of national standards is demonstrated and the routes by which the standards are disseminated to the user community. Emerging measurement techniques that may in future lead to improved measurement capability, are also briefly discussed.

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The thermoacoustic effect and its use in ultrasonic power determination

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Design and Characterization of a Close-Proximity Thermoacoustic Sensor

Design and Characterization of a Close-Proximity Thermoacoustic Sensor

Close-proximity, real-time thermoacoustic sensors: Design, characterization, and testing

Metrology for ultrasonic applications

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