“…Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are commonly used as protecting agents. Pyrolysis can be used to prepare different kinds of nanoparticles including metals, metal oxides, semiconductors, and composite materials such as Ag, Au, ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , TiO 2 , GaN, ZnS, YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 - x , Ni, and carbon nanotubes. − …”