The therapeutic value of proanthocyanidin İn experimental cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage

Abstract

AIm: We aimed to examine the basilar artery in an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model both from the ultrastructural and radiological aspects and tried to evaluate the benefit of proanthocyanidin (PC), an antioxidant matter, in reducing vasospasm. mATERIAl and mEThods: A total of 21 male New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups after performing angiography. Group I: Control group, Group II: Subarachnoid hemorrhage group, Group III: Subarachnoid hemorrhage and Proanthocyanidin group (100 mg/kg/ day). Rabbits were sacrificed on the 5th day after angiography. A segment of the basilar artery, 4 mm in length, was prepared for ultrastructural examination.REsulTs: There was no ultrastructural or radiological abnormality in the basilar artery in Group 1. In the basilar artery digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of Group 2, a statistically significant decrease in basilar artery calibration was found (p<0.05). There was no damage in the endothelium, subendothelium, tunica media and adventitia of the basilar artery ultrastructurally but a statistically significant narrowing in lumen diameter was seen. There was also no difference in basilar artery calibration in the DSA of Group 3 (p>0.05). No damage was seen in the basilar artery ultrastructurally. BulGulAR: Grup I'de baziller arterde ultrastrüktürel ve radyolojik anormallik yoktu. Grup II'nin baziller arter kalibrasyonunda istatistiksel anlamlı azalma saptandı (p<0,05). Baziller arterin endotelyum, subendotelyum, tunika media ve tunika adventisiyasında ultrastrüktürel olarak zedelenme yoktu, fakat lümen çapında istatistiksel anlamlı daralma görüldü. Aynı zamanda grup 3'ün anjiyografisinde baziller arter kalibrasyonunda istatistiksel anlamlı daralma yoktu (p>0,05). Baziller arterde ultrastrüktürel zedelenme görülmedi.soNuÇ: Güçlü antioksidan ve muhtemel vazomotor etkili proantosiyanidin, subaraknoid kanamaya bağlı vazospazmı anlamlı düzeyde azaltabilir.

Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Therapy

“…Sesamin, a lignan of sesame seed oil, is a promising natural product as a novel therapeutic strategy based on the regulation of microglial activities via inhibition of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein expression and accompanied by the activated p44/42 MAPK pathway in ICH [ 133 ]. Other natural plant extracts can be used as natural antioxidants, including resveratrol [ 134 ], astaxanthin [ 135 ], baicalein [ 136 ], astragaloside [ 137 ], proanthocyanidin [ 138 ], (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate [ 139 ], and apple polyphenol [ 97 ]. Studies in ICH animal models have shown that treatment using these extracts can exhibit neuroprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress, upregulating antioxidant levels, and reducing SBI after ICH.…”