The Th17/Treg Cell Balance: A Gut Microbiota-Modulated Story

Cheng, Hongyu; Guan, Xiong; Chen, Dekun; Ma, Wentao

doi:10.3390/microorganisms7120583

Cited by 92 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(187 reference statements)

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“…To gain further insight into the microbial community composition of the dry eye, we narrowed our focus to examine the closed eye microbial composition at the time of randomization. As indicated by our more general analysis, both diversity (richness, ANOVA, f =6.1, P =0.016, evenness, ANOVA, f =24, P =5.8 x10 -5 6 and Shannon diversity, ANOVA, f =23, P =8.1 x10 -8 , Fig. 4a) and multivariate clustering of these communities are distinct at baseline (PCoA, PERMANOVA, R 2 =1.34 P =0.00033, RDA, variance =53.95, f =7.12, P =0.001 and CCA, chi 2 =0.09, f =7.12, P =0.001, Fig.…”

Section: The Closed Eye Microbiome In Dry Eye Disease Is Distinct At supporting

confidence: 57%

“…Direct crosstalk between resident microbes and host immune cells at the mucosal surface is a critical determinant of inflammatory diseases 19 . Furthermore, Th17 and Treg cells are implicated in the development of chronic dry eye disease 3 and particularly attuned to the ecology of the resident microbiota 6 . Therefore, the ocular surface microbiome may contribute to the pathogenesis of dry eye disease 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the factors that incite and perpetuate inflammation in dry eye disease remain unknown 5 . Microbial commensal organisms can alter Th17 populations in the host organism, both in homeostasis and when perturbed 6,7 . In contrast to previous beliefs, the human eye hosts a resident microbiome [8][9][10][11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The closed eye harbors a unique microbiome in dry eye disease

Willis

Postnikoff

Freeman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Dry eye affects millions of individuals. In experimental models, dry eye disease is associated with T helper cell 17-mediated inflammation of the ocular surface that may cause persistent damage to the corneal epithelium. However, the initiating and perpetuating factors associated with chronic inflammation of the ocular surface remain unclear. The ocular microbiota alters ocular surface inflammation and may influence dry eye disease development and progression. Here, we collected serial samples of closed eye tears during a randomized clinical trial of a non-pharmaceutical dry eye therapy and used 16S rRNA metabarcoding to characterize the microbiome. We show the closed dry eye microbiome is distinct from the healthy closed eye microbiome. The ocular microbiome was described only recently, and this report implicates a distinct microbiome in ocular disease development. Our findings suggest an interplay between microbial commensals and inflammation on the ocular surface. This information may inform future studies of the pathophysiological mechanisms of dry eye disease.

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Section: The Closed Eye Microbiome In Dry Eye Disease Is Distinct At supporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The closed eye harbors a unique microbiome in dry eye disease

Willis

Postnikoff

Freeman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The activated macrophages secrete cytokines and chemokines, affect T-cell proliferation and differentiation and induce adaptive immune responses. Studies have reported that gut microbiota play an important role in shaping the Treg/Th17 axis in adaptive immune response ( 69 ). Alba et al demonstrated the efficacy of Bifidobacterium for the treatment of patients with cirrhosis through inducing a morphologic, phenotypic and functional transition towards an anti-inflammatory profile ( 70 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis 420 Mitigates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Liver Immune Cells

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease of uncertain cause. Accumulating evidence shows that gut microbiota and intestinal barrier play significant roles in AIH thus the gut–liver axis has important clinical significance as a potential therapeutic target. In the present study, we found that Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 (B420) significantly alleviated S100-induced experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) and modulated the gut microbiota composition. While the analysis of clinical specimens revealed that the fecal SCFA quantities were decreased in AIH patients, and B420 increased the cecal SCFA quantities in EAH mice. Remarkably, B420 application improved intestinal barrier function through upregulation of tight junction proteins in both vitro and vivo experiments. Moreover, B420 decreased the serum endotoxin level and suppressed the RIP3 signaling pathway of liver macrophages in EAH mice thus regulated the proliferation of Th17 cells. Nevertheless, the inhibition effect of B420 on RIP3 signaling pathway was blunted in vitro studies. Together, our results showed that early intervention with B420 contributed to improve the liver immune homeostasis and liver injury in EAH mice, which might be partly due to the protection of intestinal barrier. Our study suggested the potential efficacy of probiotics application against AIH and the promising therapeutic strategies targeting gut–liver axis for AIH.

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“…HIV damage to the intestinal barrier exacerbates the translocation of intestinal bacteria, resulting in systemic inflammation (Vazquez-Castellanos et al, 2015). In addition, studies have reported a significant increase in Tregs in individuals infected with HIV (Bi et al, 2009;Suchard et al, 2010) and disruption of the Treg/Th17 balance in vivo, thus forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment, while intestinal microbes play an important role in the induction and regulation of Tregs (Cheng et al, 2019). Thus, dysregulated intestinal microbes may lead to HIV evasion from the attack of the epidemic system by mediating the formation of inflammatory and immunosuppressive environments, similar to immune escape of tumors.…”

Section: Effects Of Gut Microbiota Changes On Immune Reconstitution Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Gut Microbiota on Immune Reconstitution in Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

et al. 2020

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of CD4 + T cells in the gut plays an insidious role in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis. Host immune function is closely related to gut microbiota. Changes in the gut microbiota cause a different immune response. Previous studies revealed that HIV-1 infection caused changes in gut microbiota, which induced immune deficiency. HIV-1 infection results in an abnormal composition and function of the gut microbiota, which may disrupt the intestinal epithelial barrier and microbial translocation, leading to long-term immune activation, including inflammation and metabolic disorders. At the same time, an abnormal gut microbiota also hinders the effect of antiviral therapy and affects the immune reconstruction of patients. However, studies on the impact of the gut microbiota on immune reconstitution in patients with HIV/AIDS are still limited. In this review, we focus on changes in the gut microbiota caused by HIV infection, as well as the impact and regulation of the gut microbiota on immune function and immune reconstitution, while we also discuss the potential impact of probiotics/prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on immune reconstitution.

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The Th17/Treg Cell Balance: A Gut Microbiota-Modulated Story

Cited by 92 publications

References 139 publications

The closed eye harbors a unique microbiome in dry eye disease

The closed eye harbors a unique microbiome in dry eye disease

Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis 420 Mitigates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Liver Immune Cells

Regulation of Gut Microbiota on Immune Reconstitution in Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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