Regulation of Gut Microbiota on Immune Reconstitution in Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Geng, Shi-Tao; Zhang, Zunyue; Wang, Yuexin; Lu, Dan; Yu, Juehua; Zhang, Jianbo; Kuang, Yi‐Qun; Wang, Kunhua

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.594820

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…The gut microbiome of HIV-infected individuals is characterized by enrichment of pro-inflammatory bacterial taxa such as Erysipelotrichaceae , Enterobacteriaceae , Desulfovibrionaceae , and Fusobacteria and depletion of anti-inflammatory taxa such as Lachnospiraceae , Ruminococceae , Bacteroides , and Rikenellaceae [ 6 , 17 , 20 , 28 , 29 ]. Ruminococcaceae family members are the main producers of short-chain fatty acids, which induce the differentiation of anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells [ 20 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could explain our finding that CD4/CD8 ratio was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae and positively associated with that of Succinivibrionaceae . Thus, probiotics/prebiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation could potentially be used to restore intestinal homeostasis and promote immune reconstitution in HIV-infected INRs [ 6 , 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between CD4+ T cell counts and gut microbiota and serum cytokines levels in HIV-infected immunological non-responders

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Background CD4+ T cell counts in certain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients called immunological non-responders (INRs) could not return to a normal level even with sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART) because of persistent immune activation, which is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines production and an altered intestinal microbiome profile. Changes in gut bacterial composition have been linked to low CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-infected individuals. However, the association between CD4+ T cell counts and gut microbiota community composition and cytokines levels in INRs (CD4+ T cell counts < 500 cells/μL) from Yunnan Province, China, has not been previously investigated. Methods To address this issue, we carried out a cross-sectional study of 34 HIV-infected INRs. The patients were divided into CD4 count > 200 cells/μL group and CD4 count < 200 cells/μL group. The gut microbiota composition of each subject was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We also compared CD8+ T cell counts, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, and nutritional status between the two groups. Results Compared to INRs with CD4 count > 200 cells/μL, those with CD4 count < 200 cells/μL had a lower CD4/CD8 ratio, lower nutritional status and higher serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 and interleukin (IL)-1α. Ruminococcaceae was less abundant in the CD4 count < 200 cells/μL group than in the CD4 count > 200 cells/μL group, and difference in alpha diversity was observed between the two groups. Moreover, CD4+ T cell counts were negatively associated with TNF-α and IL-1α levels and positively associated with the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that lower CD4+ T cell counts in INRs are associated with a reduced abundance of Ruminococcaceae in the gut and elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. Thus, interventions targeting gut microbiota to increase CD4+ T cell counts are a potential strategy for promoting immune reconstitution in HIV-infected INRs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between CD4+ T cell counts and gut microbiota and serum cytokines levels in HIV-infected immunological non-responders

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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“…It has been shown, on one hand, that the abundance of “beneficial” bacteria, including Akkermansia muciniphila , Bacteroides, Faecalis, Bacteroides vulvae, Diplococcus , and Arbuscular Roseus , are reduced in PLWH compared with HIV negative individuals ( 77 , 83 , 89 , 90 ). On the other hand, however, a higher proportion of potentially pathogenic microorganisms such as Proteus, Enterococcus, Klebsiella , Shigella , and Streptococcus have been reported in PLWH ( 83 , 89 ). The specific case of A. muciniphila provides a clearer picture of the impact of HIV infection on the gut and on an individual’s immune homeostasis.…”

Section: Microbiota Dysbiosis and Leaky Gut In Plwh Increase Susceptibility To Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV infection disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier ( Figure 1 ), resulting in intestinal cell apoptosis and disruption of tight junctions, which leads to the leaky gut syndrome, which is manifested by increased microbial translocation. Additionally, depletion of CD4+ Th17 cells and the high levels of cytokines induced by HIV leads to persistent activation of immune cells and the production of increased inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α ( 89 , 98 ).…”

Section: Microbiota Dysbiosis and Leaky Gut In Plwh Increase Susceptibility To Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota-Meditated Immunity Abnormalities Facilitate Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in People Living With HIV: A Review

et al. 2022

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is fairly common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and affects millions of people worldwide. Identical transmission routes and HIV-induced immune suppression have been assumed to be the main factors contributing to this phenomenon. Moreover, convergent evidence has shown that people co-infected with HIV and HBV are more likely to have long-term serious medical problems, suffer more from liver-related diseases, and have higher mortality rates, compared to individuals infected exclusively by either HIV or HBV. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the comorbid infection of HIV and HBV have not been fully elucidated. In recent times, the human gastrointestinal microbiome is progressively being recognized as playing a pivotal role in modulating immune function, and is likely to also contribute significantly to critical processes involving systemic inflammation. Both antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-infected subjects and ART-treated individuals are now known to be characterized by having gut microbiomic dysbiosis, which is associated with a damaged intestinal barrier, impaired mucosal immunological functioning, increased microbial translocation, and long-term immune activation. Altered microbiota-related products in PLWH, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), have been associated with the development of leaky gut syndrome, favoring microbial translocation, which in turn has been associated with a chronically activated underlying host immune response and hence the facilitated pathogenesis of HBV infection. Herein, we critically review the interplay among gut microbiota, immunity, and HIV and HBV infection, thus laying down the groundwork with respect to the future development of effective strategies to efficiently restore normally diversified gut microbiota in PLWH with a dysregulated gut microbiome, and thus potentially reduce the prevalence of HBV infection in this population.

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“…In AIDS patients, the intestinal microbiota is characterized by decreased diversity, but an increased level of EB. Again, this is linked to a higher risk of MDR carriage (however, specific scientific results are scarce) [25].…”

Section: Aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Healthy People: Recognition of Several Risk Groups

Neut

2021

Antibiotics

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The increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in hospitalized people and the hospital environment has been thoroughly documented. In contrast, little is known about their presence in the community. However, increasing evidence is showing a high level of carriage in people without infectious signs. Colonized people can later develop infections due to MDR bacteria and may be able to transmit them to susceptible people (the number of which is increasing worldwide), for example, people with comorbidities such as diabetes, cancer, or inflammatory diseases and those in extreme age groups. Risk factors for the acquisition of MDR bacteria are as follows: (1) residence or travel in countries with high levels of MDR bacteria; (2) occupational risks such as health workers or people with close contact with animals (farmers, veterinarians) who frequently use antibiotics; and (3) comorbidities. Eradication is rather difficult and, thus far, has not shown clear-cut results. Preventive measures will be important in the future with a reinforcement of hygienic measures not only in the hospital, but also in the community.

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Regulation of Gut Microbiota on Immune Reconstitution in Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Cited by 32 publications

References 132 publications

Association between CD4+ T cell counts and gut microbiota and serum cytokines levels in HIV-infected immunological non-responders

Association between CD4+ T cell counts and gut microbiota and serum cytokines levels in HIV-infected immunological non-responders

Microbiota-Meditated Immunity Abnormalities Facilitate Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in People Living With HIV: A Review

Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Healthy People: Recognition of Several Risk Groups

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