The TFOS International Workshop on Contact Lens Discomfort: Report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee

Nichols, Kelly K.; Redfern, Rachel L.; Jacob, Jean T.; Nelson, J. Daniel; Fonn, Desmond; Forstot, S. Lance; Huang, Jing; Holden, Brien A.; Nichols, Jason J.

doi:10.1167/iovs.13-13074

Cited by 105 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Most of the research studies conducted about MCLs focus on visual performance and only a few of them focus on the CL interaction with the ocular surface [52]. Concerning this issue, contact lens discomfort (CLD) is one of the major issues related to CL dropout in CL wearers of all ages [57]. It is important to mention that the materials of the MCLs are the same as those that fit in young CL wearers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ageing on the ocular surface parameters

Rico-del-Viejo

Lorente‐Velázquez

Hernández-Verdejo

et al. 2018

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ageing on the ocular surface parameters

Rico-del-Viejo

Lorente‐Velázquez

Hernández-Verdejo

et al. 2018

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

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“…The resulting “discomfort” (which can vary in different individuals) stems from interactions among multiple psychophysical and neurobiological factors, which can lead to reduced lens wearing time or even termination of contact lens wear. 2 Previous studies have indicated that the interaction between the contact lens and ocular surface can result in ocular tissue alterations and therefore leads to CLD. 3 Many clinically used approaches, such as the assessment of alterations in the pre-lens tear film, 4–7 the Meibomian glands, 8 bulbar and limbal conjunctival hyperemia, 8, 9 corneal and conjunctival staining, lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) and lid parallel conjunctival folds, 8, 10–13 have been used in attempts to determine the causes of LCD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lid Wiper Microvascular Responses as an Indicator of Contact Lens Discomfort

Deng

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2016

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose-To analyze quantitatively the alterations in the microvascular network of the upper tarsal conjunctiva, lid wiper, and bulbar conjunctiva relative to ocular discomfort after contact lens wear.Design-A prospective, cross-over clinical study.Methods-Functional slit-lamp biomicroscopy (FSLB) was used to image the microvascular network of the upper tarsal conjunctiva, lid wiper, and bulbar conjunctiva. The microvascular network was automatically segmented, and fractal analyses were performed to yield the fractal dimension (D box ) that represented vessel density. Sixteen healthy subjects (nine female and seven male) with an average age of 35.5 ± 6.7 years old (mean ± standard deviation) were recruited. The right eye was imaged at 9 AM and 3 PM at the first visit (Day 1) when the subject was not wearing contact lenses. During the second visit (Day 2), the right eye was fit with a contact lens for 6 h. Microvascular imaging was performed before (at 9 AM) and after lens wear (at 3 PM). Ocular comfort was rated using a 50-point visual analogue scale before and after 6 h of lens wear, and its relationships with microvascular parameters were analyzed.Results-There were no significant differences in D box among the upper tarsal conjunctiva, lid wiper, and bulbar conjunctiva among the measurements at 9 AM (Day 1 and Day 2) and 3 PM Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Financial Disclosures HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscript Am J Ophthalmol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 October 01. Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript (Day 1) when the subjects were not wearing the lenses (P > 0.05), whereas after 6 h of lens wear, the microvascular network densities were increased in all three of these locations. D box of the lid wiper increased from 1.411 ± 0.116 to 1.548 ± 0.079 after 6 h of contact lens wear (P < 0.01). D box of the tarsal conjunctiva was 1.731 ± 0.026 at baseline and increased to 1.740 ± 0.030 (P < 0.05). D box of the bulbar conjunctiva increased from 1.587 ± 0.059 to 1.632 ± 0.060 (P < 0.001). The decrease in ocular discomfort was strongly related to the D box change in the lid wiper (r = 0.61, P < 0.05). There were no correlations between the changes of ocular comfort and the microvascular network densities of either the tarsal or bulbar conjunctivas (P > 0.05).Conclusion-This study is the first to show that the microvascular network of the lid wiper can be quantitatively analyzed in contact lens wearers. The microvascular responses of the lid wiper were significantly correlated with contact lens discomfo...

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“…1,2 CLD is characterized by a series of adverse sensations related to lens wear that may lead to decreased comfortable wearing hours, a reduction in total wearing time and discontinuation from lens wear. 3 Many factors have been related to CLD, such as lens modulus, surface properties, design and fit, care system, 4 tear film characteristics, 5 and contact lens-related pathology such as giant papillary conjunctivitis. 6 Comprehensive recent reviews of this area have been provided by the TFOS International Workshop on Contact Lens Discomfort 7 and Chalmers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%