The Teratogenic Effect of Vitamin a Deficiency in Pigs

Palludan, B.

doi:10.1186/bf03547330

Cited by 32 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…In addition to its role in cellular differentiation, vitamin A is also important for bone growth and development. Retinol deficiency in pigs and poultry has been shown to impair bone growth and increase the risk of bone malformations (Palludan, 1961;EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2013;Abd El-Wahab et al, 2017). This can be attributed, at least in part, to the role of vitamin A in promoting the production and activation of osteoblasts, which are the cells responsible for building new bone tissue (Chiba et al, 1996).…”

Section: Vitamin a Metabolism And Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vitamin A in non-ruminant immunology

Shastak

Pelletier

2023

Front. Anim. Sci.

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Vitamin A (retinol) is an essential micronutrient with a crucial role in the immune system of non-ruminant animals, such as swine and poultry. It includes three chemical compounds with distinct properties and functions in the body: retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. In monogastric feed, vitamin A is primarily present in the form of retinyl esters. The metabolism of dietary vitamin A esters involves their conversion to retinol, which is then transported to different tissues and cells for further metabolism into active forms such as retinoic acid. These active forms of vitamin A have been found to play a crucial role in regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Specifically, they are involved in the differentiation, proliferation, and function of immune cells such as T and B lymphocytes, as well as dendritic cells. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to impaired cellular immunity, reduced antibody production, and consequently an increased susceptibility to infections. In swine and poultry, hypovitaminosis A can also affect gut-associated lymphoid tissues, leading to gut-related health problems and compromised growth performance. On the other hand, vitamin A supplementation has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects on non-ruminant immune responses. By administering or supplementing retinol, immune cell proliferation, antibody production, and cytokine secretion can be enhanced, which can ultimately result in improved immune function and disease resistance. Therefore, vitamin A has potential applications as an immuno-micronutrient for improving health and preventing diseases in swine and poultry. However, the optimal dosage and timing of vitamin A supplementation need to be carefully determined based on the specific requirements of different non-ruminant species and their production stages. Overall, a better understanding of the role of vitamin A in non-ruminant nutritional immunology could have significant implications for animal health and productivity and could inform the development of effective dietary strategies to optimize immune function and prevent diseases in swine and domestic fowl. This review paper aims to offer valuable insights into the role of vitamin A in the nutritional immunology of non-ruminants while also emphasizing the current gaps in knowledge and potential areas for further research.

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Section: Vitamin a Metabolism And Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vitamin A in non-ruminant immunology

Shastak

Pelletier

2023

Front. Anim. Sci.

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“…The pigs and minipig have been shown to be very useful for reproductive toxicology studies, as an alternative to the most commonly used nonrodent species, the rabbit. The domestic pigs and minipig's reproductive biology is well characterized, [145][146][147] and it has shown to be susceptible to a number of teratogens including pyrimethamine, 148 coumarin and troxerutin, 149 ethinyl-nitrosouera, 150 ethanol, 151 vitamin A, [152][153][154] vitamin C, 155 thalidomide, 156 tretinoin, 157 tobacco, 158 an anti-gestagen (metallibure), [159][160][161][162][163] and fungal food contaminants. 158 An overview of the topic can be found in the studies by Barrow et al 164 or Ganderup.…”

Section: Reproductive Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Minipig as Nonrodent Species in Toxicology—Where Are We Now?

Ganderup¹,

Harvey

Mortensen³

et al. 2012

Int J Toxicol

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Over the past 3 decades minipigs have moved from being an obscure alternative to dogs and nonhuman primates to being a standard animal model in regulatory toxicity studies. This article covers the use of minipigs as a model in the context of nonclinical drug safety and provides an overview of the minipig's developmental history and relates minipigs to other animal species commonly used in toxicology; and the minipig's translational power is supported by 43 case studies of marketed drug products covered. Special focus is given to criteria for selecting minipigs in nonclinical programs supporting the development of new medicines; the use of swine in the assessment of food additives, agrochemicals, and pesticides; as well as a regulatory perspective on the use of minipigs in Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-regulated products. This article presents the main points conveyed at a symposium held at the 2010 American College of Toxicology meeting in Baltimore, Maryland.

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