The Minipig as Nonrodent Species in Toxicology—Where Are We Now?

Ganderup, Niels Christian; Harvey, Warren; Mortensen, J.; Harrouk, Wafa

doi:10.1177/1091581812462039

Cited by 67 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…It is, therefore, vital to be aware of the background and incidentally occurring lesions as well as normal anatomic characteristics, such as organ weight, that can be observed during macroscopic and microscopic examinations of organs from laboratory animals in routine toxicity studies. In the present report, we focused on the breeds of miniature swine most commonly used in safety pharmacology and Ganderup et al (2012) and Kim et al (2015). a Uses: regulatory toxicity studies, dermal drug development, cardiovascular toxicity, and reproductive toxicology.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature Swine Breeds in Toxicology and Drug Safety Assessments

Stricker–Krongrad

Shoemake²,

Pereira³

et al. 2015

Toxicol Pathol

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The use of miniature swine as a nonrodent species in safety assessment has continued to expand for over a decade, and they are becoming routinely used in toxicology and in pharmacology as well as a model for human diseases. Miniature swine models are regularly used for regulatory toxicity studies designed to assess safety of new therapeutic compounds given through different routes of exposure and are used as an alternative model to the canine or the nonhuman primate. Translational preclinical swine study data presented support the current finding that miniature swine are the animal model of choice for assessment of drug absorption, tolerance, and systemic toxicity following systemic exposures. Because research investigators need to be familiar with important anatomic and histopathologic features of the miniature swine in order to place toxicopathologic findings in their proper perspective, clinical and anatomic pathology data from a large number of Sinclair, Hanford, Yucatan, and Gö ttingen breeds from control groups from a wide variety of studies performed between 2004 and 2014 will be presented, compared, and partially illustrated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature Swine Breeds in Toxicology and Drug Safety Assessments

Stricker–Krongrad

Shoemake²,

Pereira³

et al. 2015

Toxicol Pathol

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“…The Göttingen minipig is increasingly replacing dogs and non-human primates in preclinical studies (Lind et al, 2007; Sauleau et al, 2009; Ganderup et al, 2012; Suenderhauf and Parrott, 2012). To adequately study novel neurosurgical interventional therapies in preclinical settings large animal models are needed as rodents' brains are too small and do not allow application of human DBS equipment (Bjarkam et al, 2009, 2016; Dolezalova et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Retrograde Connections and Anatomical Segregation of the Göttingen Minipig Nucleus Accumbens

et al. 2016

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Nucleus accumbens (NAcc) has been implicated in several psychiatric disorders such as treatment resistant depression (TRD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and has been an ongoing experimental target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in both rats and humans. In order to translate basic scientific results from rodents to the human setting a large animal model is needed to thoroughly study the effect of such therapeutic interventions. The aim of the study was, accordingly, to describe the basic anatomy of the Göttingen minipig NAcc and its retrograde connections. Tracing was carried out by MRI-guided stereotactic unilateral fluorogold injections in the NAcc of Göttingen minipigs. After 2 weeks the brains were sectioned and subsequently stained with Nissl-, autometallographic (AMG) development of myelin, and DARPP-32 and calbindin immunohistochemistry. The minipig NAcc was divided in a central core and an outer medial, ventral and lateral shell. We confirmed the NAcc to be a large and well-segregated structure toward its medial, ventral and lateral borders. The fluorogold tracing revealed inputs to NAcc from the medial parts of the prefrontal cortex, BA 25 (subgenual cortex), insula bilaterally, amygdala, the CA1-region of hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, subiculum, paraventricular and anterior parts of thalamus, dorsomedial parts of hypothalamus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area (VTA), the retrorubral field and the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. In conclusion the Göttingen minipig NAcc is a large ventral striatal structure that can be divided into a core and shell with prominent afferent connections from several subrhinal and infra-/prelimbic brain areas.

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“…E ven though minipigs have been proved to be available for biomedical research and began to be used in biomedical research for half a century, minipigs are still not the most appropriate non-rodent species for preclinical studies (Ganderup et al, 2012;Swindle et al, 2012;Dalgaard, 2014). Besides the relative larger body sizes than monkeys or dogs, the lack of minipig species for different scientific objects is the main reason, though there are some famous minipigs in developed countries, such as Gottingen minipigs, Sinclair minipigs, Minnesota Hormel minipigs, and Hanford minipigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating Background Information of Laboratory Chinese Jue-ma Minipigs, a Plateau Swine Species

Min¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| Today, minipigs have been proved to be available for biomedical research and become one appropriate non-rodent species for drug preclinical safety testing. But the species selection based on scientific information is far behind the needs of science. Our work team has been contributing to select different Chinese minipig species for different scientific purposes since the 1990s. Here, we introduce laboratory Chinese Jue-ma minipigs (Sus scrofa) initially grazing at high altitude of temperate zone (Northeast Tibetan plateau) to producers or researchers concerned with minipigs. Jue-ma minipigs have two main appearances of complete black and spotted colours. The litter sizes of laboratory Jue-ma minipigs at birth and weaning are significant higher than grazing ones (P<0.05), presenting values of 5.70±1.97 and 5.20±2.31, respectively. The growth performances of laboratory Jue-ma minipigs resemble grazing ones except those of birth, which also resemble Gottingen minipigs showing a rapid to slight increase. There are no significant differences between males and females for hematology, blood biochemistry, absolute and relative organ weights. When compared to human reference values, 8 hematological parameters and 10 blood biochemical parameters fall within human reference ranges. Our results show that laboratory Jue-ma minipigs tends to be gentle as farming pigs with small body size, slow growth rate, and high fertility rate after continuous selection. It is also concluded that laboratory Jue-ma minipigs have more higher and acceptable reproductive traits than grazing ones. Current data present that captive Jue-ma minipigs are suitable laboratory animal for scientific uses.

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The Minipig as Nonrodent Species in Toxicology—Where Are We Now?

Cited by 67 publications

References 120 publications

Miniature Swine Breeds in Toxicology and Drug Safety Assessments

Miniature Swine Breeds in Toxicology and Drug Safety Assessments

The Retrograde Connections and Anatomical Segregation of the Göttingen Minipig Nucleus Accumbens

Generating Background Information of Laboratory Chinese Jue-ma Minipigs, a Plateau Swine Species

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