The temporal dynamics of two response‐focused forms of emotion regulation: Experiential, expressive, and autonomic consequences

Abstract

This study examines the early affective consequences of two close forms of suppression. Participants (N=37) were shown negative, positive, and neutral pictures and cued either to attend to the pictures, or to perform expressive or physiological suppression (i.e. reduce body reactions). Continuous measures of experience, expressivity, and autonomic responses showed that both suppression strategies produced rapid response modulation. Common effects of the two strategies included a transient increase in negative feeling, a durable decrease in positive feeling, and a decrease in expressivity, cardiovascular activity, and oxygenation. The two strategies were significantly different only in response to positive stimuli, with physiological suppression showing a larger decrease in experience intensity and blood pressure. These results suggest a strong overlap between the two suppression strategies in terms of their early impact on emotional responses.

ADHD and Emotion Dysregulation Among Children and Adolescents

“…Specific processes involved in the modification process include the modulation of physiological, experiential, or behavioral correlates of emotions (Bonanno 2001;Gross 1999). Physiological regulatory processes are often automatic, and experiential/psychological and behavioral/expressive ones are often controlled (Dan-Glauser and Gross 2011). 1 Specific to its association with ADHD, others (e.g., Barkley 2010) have adopted the definition of emotion regulation proposed by Gottman and Katz (1989;p.…”

Appraisal frames of pleasant and unpleasant pictures alter emotional responses as reflected in self-report and facial electromyographic activity

“…To further investigate the time points during which appraisal frames modulate facial expression, continuous recordings of facial EMG activity were segmented into eight epochs of 0.5 s each (see Dan-Glauser and Gross, 2011, for a similar segmentation when investigating temporal dynamics of emotion regulation). Corrugator supercilii activity and zygomaticus major activity were then subjected to separate repeated analyses of variance (ANOVA) with Condition (unpleasant-negative, unpleasant-neutral, pleasant-positive, and pleasant-neutral) and Time as within-subject factors.…”

“…These interpretations may be manipulated retrospectively and prospectively. In the emotion regulation literature, the retrospective manipulation of interpretations such as reappraisal (i.e., the re-interpretation of emotional stimuli in a new way after the initial appraisal process) has received considerable attention (e.g., Hajcak and Nieuwenhuis, 2006;Dan-Glauser and Gross, 2011;Gross, 2007;Moser et al, 2010;Ochsner and Gross, 2008;Ray et al, 2010;Urry, 2009). However, this has not been the case for prospective manipulations of interpretative processes as provided by appraisal frames (i.e., orienting narratives that influence subsequent interpretations of emotional stimuli) (Lazarus et al, 1965).…”

Neural markers of positive reappraisal and their associations with trait reappraisal and worry.

“…We used ERPs for two reasons. First, timing is paramount in emotion regulation theory and research (Dan-Glauser & Gross, 2011;Gross, 1998;. Reappraisal is theorized to be an antecedent-focused emotion regulation strategy, which means it should affect the way people process information before an emotion is activated.…”