The Temperature at the Ocean-Air Interface

Saunders, Peter M.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1967)024<0269:ttatoa>2.0.co;2

Cited by 300 publications

(288 citation statements)

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“…Transport through the interfacial sublayers is governed by diffusion, dissipation, and buoyancy. In this model, a Saunders coefficient is used to describe the contribution of the total wind stress acting tangentially at the surface to drive mixing of the viscous ocean side sublayer (Saunders, 1967;Fairall et al, 1996b). This coefficient encapsulates contributions to mixing from both shear and buoyancy.…”

Section: Comparison Of Dms Measurements With the Noaa/coare Gas Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Air/sea fluxes of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were measured by eddy correlation over the Eastern South Pacific Ocean during January 2006. The cruise track extended from Manzanillo, Mexico, along 110 • W, to Punta Arenas, Chile. Bulk air and surface ocean DMS levels were also measured and gas transfer coefficients (k DMS ) were computed. Air and seawater DMS measurements were made using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (API-CIMS) and a gas/liquid membrane equilibrator. Mean surface seawater DMS concentrations were 3.8±2.2 nM and atmospheric mixing ratios were 340±370 ppt. The air/sea flux of DMS was uniformly out of the ocean, with an average value of 12±15 µmol m −2 d −1 . Sea surface concentration and flux were highest around 15 • S, in a region influenced by shelf waters and lowest around 25 • S, in low chlorophyll gyre waters. The DMS gas transfer coefficient exhibited a linear wind speed-dependence over the wind speed range of 1 to 9 m s −1 . This relationship is compared with previously measured estimates of k from DMS, CO 2 , and dual tracer data from the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, and with the NOAA/COARE gas transfer model. The model generated slope of k vs. wind speed is at the low end of those observed in previous DMS field studies.

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Section: Comparison Of Dms Measurements With the Noaa/coare Gas Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

et al. 2009

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“…The study of the thermal surface fluxes is important to understand the thermal behaviour of lakes (Henderson-Sellers, 1986 of a lake (Sahoo et al, 2013) and allows an estimation of a part of the water footprint of a nation due to artificial water reservoirs (Hoekstra, 2017). These fluxes depend on T int (Saunders, 1967;Kawai and Wada, 2007); T int determines the emitted longwave radiation and the value of the saturation vapour pressure at the surface, affecting latent and sensible flux calculations (Webster et al, 1996). The interface temperature T int is a theoretical value and cannot be known (Donlon et al, 2002).…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LakeSST: Lake Skin Surface Temperatures in French inland water bodies for 1999–2016 from Landsat archives

Prats¹,

Reynaud²,

Rebière³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. The spatial and temporal coverage of the Landsat satellite imagery make it an ideal resource for studies on the long term evolution of lake surface temperature and for geographical studies of temperature patterns. The Lake Skin Surface 10 Temperature (LakeSST) data set contains skin surface temperature data for 442 French water bodies (natural lakes, reservoirs, ponds, gravel pit lakes and quarry lakes) for the period 1999-2016 obtained from the thermal band of Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 archive images. The skin temperature measured by satellites differs slightly from water temperature in the first meters of the water column because of cool skin and warm layer effects. Nevertheless surface temperature parameterizations originally developed for the sea can be used to adjust LakeSST to commonly used lake water temperature, e.g. surface 15 temperature or temperature of the first 1~2 m. Moreover, theoretically small differences are to be expected between the freshwater and seawater case for low wind speeds. In fact, at the reservoir of Bimont, the estimated cool skin effect was about -0.3 ºC and -0.6 ºC most of time, while the warm layer effect at 0.55 m was negligible in average, but could occasionally attain several degrees and a cool layer was often observed in the night. The overall accuracy of the satellitederived temperature measurements was about 1.5 ºC, similar to other applications of satellite images to estimate freshwater

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“…6A (Saunders, 1967;Soloviev and Schlüssel, 1994) where λ is computed according to Fairall et al (1996a) and A is a tunable constant (≈1). If there is no cool skin present λ is set to 6.…”

Section: Gas Transfer Velocity Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of diurnal variability in sea surface temperature on the central Atlantic air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The effect of diurnal variations in sea surface temperature (SST) on the air-sea flux of CO 2 over the central is evaluated for [2005][2006]. We use high spatial resolution hourly satellite ocean skin temperature data to determine the diurnal warming ( SST). The CO 2 flux is then computed using three different temperature fields -a foundation temperature (T f , measured at a depth where there is no diurnal variation), T f plus the hourly SST and T f plus the monthly average of the SSTs. This is done in conjunction with a physically-based parameterisation for the gas transfer velocity (NOAA-COARE). The differences between the fluxes evaluated for these three different temperature fields quantify the effects of both diurnal warming and diurnal covariations. We find that including diurnal warming increases the CO 2 flux out of this region of the Atlantic for 2005-2006 from 9.6 Tg C a −1 to 30.4 Tg C a −1 (hourly SST) and 31.2 Tg C a −1 (monthly average of SST measurements). Diurnal warming in this region, therefore, has a large impact on the annual net CO 2 flux but diurnal covariations are negligible. However, in this region of the Atlantic the uptake and outgassing of CO 2 is approximately balanced over the annual cycle, so although we find diurnal warming has a very large effect here, the Atlantic as a whole is a very strong carbon sink (e.g. −920 Tg C a −1 Takahashi et al., 2002) making this is a small contribution to the Atlantic carbon budget.

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The Temperature at the Ocean-Air Interface

Cited by 300 publications

References 0 publications

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

LakeSST: Lake Skin Surface Temperatures in French inland water bodies for 1999–2016 from Landsat archives

The impact of diurnal variability in sea surface temperature on the central Atlantic air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux

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The Temperature at the Ocean-Air Interface

Cited by 300 publications

References 0 publications

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

LakeSST: Lake Skin Surface Temperatures in French inland water bodies for 1999–2016 from Landsat archives

The impact of diurnal variability in sea surface temperature on the central Atlantic air-sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux

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The impact of diurnal variability in sea surface temperature on the central Atlantic air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux