Abstract. The spatial and temporal coverage of the Landsat satellite imagery make it an ideal resource for the monitoring of water temperature over large territories at a moderate spatial and temporal scale at a low cost. We used Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 archive images to create the Lake Skin Surface Temperature (LakeSST) data set, which contains skin water surface temperature data for 442 French water bodies (natural lakes, reservoirs, ponds, gravel pit lakes and quarry lakes) for the period 1999-2016. We assessed the quality of the satellite temperature measurements by comparing them to in situ measurements and taking into account the cool skin and warm layer effects. To estimate these effects and to investigate the theoretical differences between the freshwater and seawater cases, we adapted the COARE 3.0 algorithm to the freshwater environment. We also estimated the warm layer effect using in situ data. At the reservoir of Bimont, the estimated cool skin effect was about −0.3 and −0.6 • C most of time, while the warm layer effect at 0.55 m was negligible on average, but could occasionally attain several degrees, and a cool layer was often observed in the night. The overall RMSE of the satellite-derived temperature measurements was about 1.2 • C, similar to other applications of satellite images to estimate freshwater surface temperatures. The LakeSST data can be used for studies on the temporal evolution of lake water temperature and for geographical studies of temperature patterns. The LakeSST data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1193745.
Abstract. The spatial and temporal coverage of the Landsat satellite imagery make it an ideal resource for studies on the long term evolution of lake surface temperature and for geographical studies of temperature patterns. The Lake Skin Surface 10 Temperature (LakeSST) data set contains skin surface temperature data for 442 French water bodies (natural lakes, reservoirs, ponds, gravel pit lakes and quarry lakes) for the period 1999-2016 obtained from the thermal band of Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 archive images. The skin temperature measured by satellites differs slightly from water temperature in the first meters of the water column because of cool skin and warm layer effects. Nevertheless surface temperature parameterizations originally developed for the sea can be used to adjust LakeSST to commonly used lake water temperature, e.g. surface 15 temperature or temperature of the first 1~2 m. Moreover, theoretically small differences are to be expected between the freshwater and seawater case for low wind speeds. In fact, at the reservoir of Bimont, the estimated cool skin effect was about -0.3 ºC and -0.6 ºC most of time, while the warm layer effect at 0.55 m was negligible in average, but could occasionally attain several degrees and a cool layer was often observed in the night. The overall accuracy of the satellitederived temperature measurements was about 1.5 ºC, similar to other applications of satellite images to estimate freshwater
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