The teleost humoral immune response

Ye, Jianmin; Kaattari, Ilsa; Ma, Cuiyan; Kaattari, Stephen L.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.015

Cited by 105 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…In agreement with our finding, the spleen has long been hypothesized to be the main teleost secondary lymphoid organ (52). This belief is supported further by past findings showing that both clonal differentiation of teleost B cells following antigen encounter (38, 57) and early antiviral T-cell responses (58) occur in the spleen. The capacity of CD4-2 SP cells to proliferate in an antigen-dependent manner suggests the capability of CD4-2 to interact with trout MHC class II.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Novel Teleost CD4-Bearing Cell Populations Provide Insights into the Evolutionary Origins and Primordial Roles of CD4+ Lymphocytes and CD4+ Macrophages

Takizawa

Magadán

Parra

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

103

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Tetrapods contain a single CD4 co-receptor with four immunoglobulin domains that likely arose from a primordial two-domain ancestor. Notably, teleost fish contain two CD4 genes. Like tetrapod CD4, CD4-1 of rainbow trout includes four immunoglobulin domains while CD4-2 contains only two. Since CD4-2 is reminiscent of the prototypic two-domain CD4 co-receptor, we hypothesized that by characterizing the cell types bearing CD4-1 and CD4-2, we would shed light into the evolution and primordial roles of CD4-bearing cells. Using newly established monoclonal antibodies against CD4-1 and CD4-2, we identified two bona fide CD4+ T-cell populations, a predominant lymphocyte population co-expressing surface CD4-1 and CD4-2 (CD4 DP), and a minor subset expressing only CD4-2 (CD4-2 SP). While both subsets produced equivalent levels of Th1, Th17, and Treg cytokines upon bacterial infection, CD4-2 SP lymphocytes were less proliferative and displayed a more restricted TCRβ repertoire. These data suggest that CD4-2 SP cells represent a functionally distinct population and may embody a vestigial CD4+ T cell subset, the roles of which reflect those of primeval CD4+ T cells. Importantly, we also describe the first CD4+ monocyte/macrophage population in a non-mammalian species. Of all myeloid subsets, we found the CD4+ population to be the most phagocytic, while CD4+ lymphocytes lacked this capacity. This study fills in an important gap in the knowledge of teleost CD4-bearing leukocytes thus revealing critical insights into the evolutionary origins and primordial roles of CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4+ monocyte/macrophages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Novel Teleost CD4-Bearing Cell Populations Provide Insights into the Evolutionary Origins and Primordial Roles of CD4+ Lymphocytes and CD4+ Macrophages

Takizawa

Magadán

Parra

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

103

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“…IgM plays a key role in systemic immune responses. It is well-known that increased titers of IgM occur in serum after immunization or infection (Solem and Stenvik, 2006; Ye et al, 2013). Thus, upon pathogen infection, IgM titers are mainly detected in serum while the degree of IgM titer induction in mucus is very limited (Salinas et al, 2011).…”

Section: Immunoglobulins Of Teleost Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, upon pathogen infection, IgM titers are mainly detected in serum while the degree of IgM titer induction in mucus is very limited (Salinas et al, 2011). Comparable to mammalian IgM, teleost IgM in serum has been shown to possess effector functions (i.e., complement activation, opsonization, and neutralization) (Ye et al, 2013). However, the characterization of gut mucus IgM effector functions has been poorly analyzed to date, partly due to its instability and easy degradation in the gut mucus (Hatten et al, 2001).…”

Section: Immunoglobulins Of Teleost Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

B cells and their role in the teleost gut

Parra

Korytář

Takizawa

et al. 2016

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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Mucosal surfaces are the main route of entry for pathogens in all living organisms. In the case of teleost fish, mucosal surfaces cover the vast majority of the animal. As these surfaces are in constant contact with the environment, fish are perpetually exposed to a vast number of pathogens. Despite the potential prevalence and variety of pathogens, mucosal surfaces are primarily populated by commensal non-pathogenic bacteria. Indeed, a fine balance between these two populations of microorganisms is crucial for animal survival. This equilibrium, controlled by the mucosal immune system, maintains homeostasis at mucosal tissues. Teleost fish possess a diffuse mucosa-associated immune system in the intestine, with B cells being one of the main responders. Immunoglobulins produced by these lymphocytes are a critical line of defense against pathogens and also prevent the entrance of commensal bacteria into the epithelium. In this review we will summarize recent literature regarding the role of B-lymphocytes and immunoglobulins in gut immunity in teleost fish, with specific focus on immunoglobulin isotypes and the microorganisms, pathogenic and non-pathogenic that interact with the immune system.

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“…After such viruses pass the first line of defense and enter the host cell, the infected cell immediately initiates a series of innate immune responses; these include an inflammatory response, complement system activation, interferon production, induction of antiviral reactions, cell apoptosis, and innate immune cell responses from macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer and other immune cells that prevent viral replication and inhibit virus propagation [153,156,167]. Subsequently or concurrently, acquired (adaptive) immune responses, such as thymus-derived T lymphocyte activation, specific immunoglobulins (IgT or IgZ), polymeric Ig receptor production, and differential cytokine network activation, amongst others, enables collaboration between the cellular and humoral immune systems leading to destruction of the invading viruses [168][169][170][171]. Additionally, some aquatic viruses have developed immune evasion mechanisms and strategies to combat host immune systems through IFN suppression and apoptosis inhibition; such viruses have increased pathogenicity and have acquired the ability to cross species barriers in their transmission [153,167,172].…”

Section: Virus-host Interactions In Aquatic Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

Zhang

Gui

2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

168

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Over the last 30 years, aquaculture has become the fastest growing form of agriculture production in the world, but its development has been hampered by a diverse range of pathogenic viruses. During the last decade, a large number of viruses from aquatic animals have been identified, and more than 100 viral genomes have been sequenced and genetically characterized. These advances are leading to better understanding about antiviral mechanisms and the types of interaction occurring between aquatic viruses and their hosts. Here, based on our research experience of more than 20 years, we review the wealth of genetic and genomic information from studies on a diverse range of aquatic viruses, including iridoviruses, herpesviruses, reoviruses, and rhabdoviruses, and outline some major advances in our understanding of virus-host interactions in animals used in aquaculture.

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The teleost humoral immune response

Cited by 105 publications

References 135 publications

Novel Teleost CD4-Bearing Cell Populations Provide Insights into the Evolutionary Origins and Primordial Roles of CD4+ Lymphocytes and CD4+ Macrophages

Novel Teleost CD4-Bearing Cell Populations Provide Insights into the Evolutionary Origins and Primordial Roles of CD4+ Lymphocytes and CD4+ Macrophages

B cells and their role in the teleost gut

Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

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