The tectonics and stratigraphy of the transitional zone between the Pieniny Klippen Belt and Magura Nappe (Szczawnica area, Poland)

Abstract

Abstract:The Pieniny Klippen Belt is a narrow, complex structure stretching along a tectonic boundary between the Central and Outer Carpathians. Its formation involved two main evolutionary stages, the first, related to Late Cretaceous-Paleocene folding and thrusting, and the second, associated with Miocene orogenic events in the Outer Carpathians. Interactions between the Pieniny Klippen Belt and Outer Carpathians during both the sedimentation and deformation stages have resulted in the establishment of a peri-klippen transitional zone (named the Šariš Transitional Zone), in which the tectonic deformation effects gradually decrease towards the north. The stratigraphy and tectonic position of this zone have been controversial for decades. The key stratigraphic problems concern 1) the lithologic identity and position of the Szlachtowa ("black flysch"), Opaleniec and Pieniny formations and 2) the relation of the Jarmuta Formation, associated mainly with the Šariš Transitional Zone, to the Szczawnica and Zarzecze formations of the Magura Nappe. We provide an early Paleogene dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphic record of deposits that, according to some recent reinterpretations, represent the Neogene "Kremna Formation". The legitimacy of new lithostratigraphic assignments of the "Kremna Formation" at Jaworki is put into question upon the basis of the primacy of units introduced for the same strata earlier.

Mélange, Flysch and Cliffs in the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Poland): An Overview

“…The map view (e.g., [3,11,[45][46][47][48][49][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112]) of the suture zone between suture zone ALCAPA and North European plates in Poland depicts three major tectonic domains: the Central Carpathians, PKB and Outer Carpathians separated by tectonic boundaries (Figures 1 and 2). The PKB is a complex structure confined by these boundaries.…”

“…The originally distinguished time span of [32] formations was slightly modified later, e.g., [11,38,78]. Several stratigraphic issues are still waiting for refinement, especially within the Cretaceous-Neogene basinal successions, see reviews in [12,124,125]. The first issue is the age of the so-called "black flysch deposits" within the Grajcarek Succession.…”

Strain Partitioning and Localization Due To Detachment Heterogeneities in Fold‐and‐Thrust Belts of Progressive Arcs: Results From Analog Modeling

“…Similar gravitational units have also been observed in other natural progressive arcs. Examples of that are: the Terravecchia Fm and Lower to Middle Pleistocene clastic units in the Calabrian arc (Di Maggio et al., 2017; Gugliotta & Morticelli, 2012), the Jarmlita‐Proc formation and other gravitational slidings in the Carpathian arc (Jurewicz and Segit., 2018), and the molasse unit in the Sulaiman arc (Humayon et al., 1991; Figure 11b).…”

Thermal Maturity of the Grajcarek Unit (Pieniny Klippen Belt): Insights for the Burial History of a Major Tectonic Boundary of the Western Carpathians

“…The age of the Szlachtowa Formation is still undetermined in spite of numerous studies based on the stratigraphy of various micro-and macrofacies, supporting both the Jurassic (Toarcian to ?Bajocian) (e.g., [55,60]) and Cretaceous ages (Albian-Cenomanian) (e.g., [61,62]). The Grajcarek Unit is the most external part of the Pieniny Klippen Belt in Poland, and it is considered a transitional zone between the Outer and Central Carpathian domains [56][57][58][59] (Figure 1b). The Grajcarek sedimentary succession represents strongly deformed slices consisting of Jurassic-Cretaceous siliciclastic and carbonate deposits overlain by Upper Cretaceous-Palaeocene sedimentary breccia, and numerous Triassic-Early Cretaceous carbonate/siliceous olistoliths formed in the southernmost margin of the Outer Carpathian realm and incorporated to PKB during the Laramian phase [27,29,57].…”