The Tear Film and the optical Quality of the Eye

Montés‐Micó, Robert; Cerviño, Alejandro; Ferrer-Blasco, Teresa; García‐Lázaro, Santiago; Madrid-Costa, David

doi:10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70233-1

Cited by 90 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Both products are isotonic, with a limpid and clear aspect and a pH value between 7.0–7.6, which are similar to the lacrimal fluid to avoid eye irritation and provide ocular lubrication and comfort [24,25]. The lacrimal fluid electrolyte composition is mainly composed with Na + , K + , Cl − and HCO − and presents limited buffering capacity which is mainly due to the dissolved carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, thus the buffer selected must have low buffering capacity and significant antimicrobial activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These specifications must obey the conditions existent in the ocular surface environment in terms of pH value, osmolality, electrolyte composition and sterility (Table 1). Formulation studies were performed and the excipients whose results were within specification were selected, namely potassium chloride, magnesium chloride hexahydrated, calcium chloride hexahydrated, sodium chloride for the electrolyte composition, boric acid and sodium tetraborat as buffering agents and Suttocide (N-hydroxymethylglycinate 50%) combined with EDTA as a preservative [22,23,24]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Useful In Vitro Techniques to Evaluate the Mucoadhesive Properties of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Ocular Delivery Systems

et al. 2018

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Polymer-based eye drops are the most used drug delivery system to treat dry eye disease (DED). Therefore, the mucoadhesion between the polymer and the ocular mucin is crucial to ensure the efficacy of the treatment. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential use of in vitro methods to study the mucoadhesion of eye drop solutions and, specifically to evaluate the efficacy of two hyaluronic acid-based formulations (HA), HA 0.15% and 0.30% (w/v) to treat DED. Rheology methods and zeta potential determination were used to study the mucoadhesive properties of both eye drop solutions. All results indicated that interactions occurred between the mucin and the HA, being stronger with HA 0.30%, due to the physical entanglements and hydrogen bounding. In vitro tests on ARPE-19 cell line were performed using a 2D and a 3D dry eye model and the results have shown that pre-treated cells with HA showed a morphology more similar to the hydrated cells in both products, with a high survival rate. The in vitro techniques used in this study have been shown to be suitable to evaluate and predict mucoadhesive properties and the efficacy of the eye drops on relief or treatment of DED. The results obtained from these methods may help in inferring possible in vivo effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Useful In Vitro Techniques to Evaluate the Mucoadhesive Properties of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Ocular Delivery Systems

et al. 2018

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“…40 It is interesting that the distribution of tear film thickness seems to be just the reverse of our findings in epithelium, which indicates that the thickness of the two layers might be interlinked. In light of the important role of the two layers in optical quality of the eye, 41 the opposite distribution of the two layers together exactly makes up a smooth spheroid refraction surface. On the one hand, because of the effect of surface tension and meniscus radius, the tear film tends to be thinner in front of the thicker corneal epithelium region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Dry Eye Patients

Cui

Hong

Wang³

et al. 2014

Optometry and Vision Science

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Purpose To investigate the features of corneal epithelial thickness topography with Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in dry eye patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 100 symptomatic dry eye patients and 35 normal subjects were enrolled. All participants answered the ocular surface disease index questionnaire and were subjected to OCT, corneal fluorescein staining, tear breakup time, Schirmer 1 test without anesthetic (S1t), and meibomian morphology. Several epithelium statistics for each eye, including central, superior, inferior, minimum, maximum, minimum – maximum, and map standard deviation, were averaged. Correlations of epithelial thickness with the symptoms of dry eye were calculated. Results The mean (±SD) central, superior, and inferior corneal epithelial thickness was 53.57 (±3.31) μm, 52.00 (±3.39) μm, and 53.03 (±3.67) μm in normal eyes and 52.71 (±2.83) μm, 50.58 (±3.44) μm, and 52.53 (±3.36) μm in dry eyes, respectively. The superior corneal epithelium was thinner in dry eye patients compared with normal subjects (p=0.037),whereas central and inferior epithelium were not statistically different. In the dry eye group, patients with higher severity grades had thinner superior (p = 0.017) and minimum (p < 0.001) epithelial thickness, more wide range (p = 0.032), and greater deviation (p = 0.003). The average central epithelial thickness had no correlation with tear breakup time, S1t, or the severity of meibomian glands, whereas average superior epithelial thickness positively correlated with S1t (r = 0.238, p = 0.017). Conclusions Fourier-domain OCT demonstrated that the thickness map of the dry eye corneal epithelium was thinner than normal eyes in the superior region. In more severe dry eye disease patients, the superior and minimum epithelium was much thinner, with a greater range of map standard deviation.

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“…La sélection des patients a été importante à réaliser notamment sur le plan de la séche-resse oculaire. Une instabilité du film lacrymal entraîne une altération de la qualité de vision [34,35] par le biais d'une augmentation des aberrations et de la diffusion dans l'oeil ce qui, par conséquent, modifie les résultats obtenus de l'OSI [36]. C'est pourquoi tous les patients présentant une séche-resse oculaire ont été exclus de l'étude afin d'éviter ce biais d'analyse.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Qualité de vision étudiée par mesure comparative de la diffusion de la lumière

Rzemyk¹,

Cochener²

2014

Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie

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The Tear Film and the optical Quality of the Eye

Cited by 90 publications

References 51 publications

Useful In Vitro Techniques to Evaluate the Mucoadhesive Properties of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Ocular Delivery Systems

Useful In Vitro Techniques to Evaluate the Mucoadhesive Properties of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Ocular Delivery Systems

Assessment of Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Dry Eye Patients

Qualité de vision étudiée par mesure comparative de la diffusion de la lumière

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