The Taxonomic Position of Parodianthus (Verbenaceae): A Morphological Survey of the Gynoecium and Inflorescence

Abstract

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Springer are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Kew Bulletin. Summary. In order to evaluate the taxonomic position of Parodianthus, morphological features of partial inflonrescences, gynoecim anld fruit XAwere studied.r The pnrtial inflorescence is a two-fliowered roheduced raceme; the gynoecium is bicarpellate and paracarpous; the ovules are pendulous, marginally attached in the upper half of the locule; the fruit is a subdrupaceous schizocarp separating into two two-seeded mericarps. These characters suggest the inclusion of the genus in Verbenaceae sensu stricto, tribe Casselieae. This tribe has to also include Casselia and Tamonea. INTRODUCTION Parodianthus Tronc. is a genus of Lamiales with two shrubby species, occurring in a small area of central W Argentina but without evident affinities with other taxa of the Lamiales from this region (Hunziker 1965). Troncoso (1941) created the genus from a single species, P. ilicifolius (Moldenke) Tronc., which was originally described by Moldenke (1934) in Casselia Nees & Mart.3, a genus of Verbenaceae-Verbenoideae. Since then, the position of Parodianthus in Verbenaceae sensu lato has been controversial.Troncoso (1941) found that the presence in Parodianthus of pendulous ovules with subapical placentation, together with the reduced "seemingly" racemose partial inflorescence, did not agree with the systems of Schauer (1847) and Briquet (1895) which were then accepted. Troncoso (op. cit.: 35) said, "The position of this genus within the family, in the classic systems of natural arrangement is doubtful, due to the difficulties of interpreting this kind of inflorescence". Moldenke (1960) accepted Parodianthus, and placed the genus in the Verbenoideae-Citharexyleae Briq. on the basis of the anatomy of the ovary and fruit, and described their partial inflorescences as "racemiform". Caro (1965) considered that the partial inflorescences of Parodianthus were determinate (2 -3 -4-flowered cymes). He considered that this character, plus the presence of pendulous ovules was enough to place the genus in Viticoideae Briq., but because of the difficulty of establishing affinities with other genera of this

Plant endemism in the Sierras of Córdoba and San Luis (Argentina): understanding links between phylogeny and regional biogeographical patterns1

“… Pardianthus capillaris grows only in the northern extreme of the Sierras CSL. Marx et al (2010) showed Parodianthus formed a clade with Casselia and Tamonea in agreement with previous morphological studies ( Martínez and de Romero 2003 ), but did not include the Sierras CSL endemic Parodianthus capillaris . Casselia is distributed in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay, while Tamonea is widespread from Mexico and the Caribbean to Brazil and Paraguay.…”

A taxonomic revision of the genus Tamonea (Verbenaceae)

“…Sanders (2001: 309) placed Tamonea together with genus Casselia in a broadly enlarged tribe Verbeneae, encompassing all Verbenaceae genus with suffrutescent to herbaceous habit and spiciform inflorescences and, in general, the presence of glandular anther connectives. In the present contribution, we follow the criteria of Martínez & Múlgura (2003), also accepted by Atkins (2004), who suggest that Tamonea, along with Casselia and Parodianthus Tronc., should be grouped together under the tribe Casselieae, because of the ovary with false partitions being fused to the carpel walls only at the top and bottom and the inflorescences indeterminate and with leafy main axes, with axillary partial inflorescences in the form of racemes (Martínez, Botta & Múlgura, 1996) (Fig. 1).…”

“…Several authors followed Schreber in the use of the Ghinia name (Gmelin, 1791; Willdenow, 1797; Swartz, 1800; Standley, 1924; Britton & Wilson, 1925; Moldenke, 1941, 1942, León & Liogier, 1957; Moldenke, 1981a, b, c; Correl & Correl, 1982), even though Tamonea is the accepted and valid name for the Verbenaceae genus. Many other authors, such as Swartz (1788), Jussieu (1789), Persoon (1807), Schlechtendal & Chamisso (1830, 1831), Walpers (1845), Schauer (1847), Urban (1911), Gibson (1970), Troncoso (1974), Howard (1983), Zaruchi (1984), Martínez & Múlgura (2003) and Atkins (2004), used the correct name Tamonea for Verbenaceae.…”

A molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae

“…These treatments exhibit broad disagreement about groupings at the deepest level in the family, refl ecting the authors ' reliance on different characters (e.g., fruit vs. infl orescence) to delineate tribes. The most detailed systematic work done in recent years includes studies of morphology, taxonomy, and fl oristics by co-authors of the present study and their colleagues at the Instituto Darwinion, Argentina (e.g., Troncoso, 1974Botta, 1979Botta, , 1980Botta, , 1989Mart í nez et al, 1996 ;M ú lgura et al, 1998Drewes and Mart í nez, 1999 ;M ú lgura, 2000 ;Mart í nez and M ú lgura, 2003 ;O ' Leary and Peralta, 2007 ;O ' Leary et al, 2007aO ' Leary et al, , b , 2008O ' Leary et al, , 2009Peralta et al, 2008 ).…”