The tangent stiffness matrix of elastic frame members for vanishingly small values of the axial force

Component method for end plate joints, modeling of 3D frames: literature review

“…Yet, the advantage is getting smaller due to the increasing capacity of computers but it still exists. Many applications of exact beam elements are given in the book [11] and in [12], [13] and [14]. Formulations when bending stiffness is not uniform are given in [15], [16] and [17].…”