The Taihu Eddy Flux Network: An Observational Program on Energy, Water, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes of a Large Freshwater Lake

Lee, Xuhui; Liu, Shoudong; Xiao, Wei; Wang, Wei; Gao, Zhiqiu; Cao, Chengyu; Hu, Cheng; Hu, Zhenghua; Shen, Suhung; Wang, Yongwei; Wen, Xuefa; Xiao, Qitao; Xu, Jianming; Yang, Jinbiao; Zhang, Mi

doi:10.1175/bams-d-13-00136.1

Cited by 86 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…These sites are part of the Taihu Eddy Flux Network . Details of the instrumentation are described by Lee et al (2014). Small data gaps were filled with the bulk transfer relationships (Garratt 1992;Laird and Kristovich 2002;Wang et al 2014).…”

Section: Eddy Covariance Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lake evaporation can also be calculated with sophisticated lake models based on physical processes of energy transfer in the lake and between the lake and the atmosphere (Dutra et al 2010;Subin et al 2012a). Finally, the eddy covariance (EC) technique is increasingly used to measure temporal and spatial variations in evaporation and energy fluxes of lake systems (Blanken et al 2000;Liu et al 2009;Nordbo et al 2011;Lee et al 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in evaporation of a large subtropical lake

Wang

et al. 2016

Theor Appl Climatol

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How rising temperature and changing solar radiation affect evaporation of natural water bodies remains poor understood. In this study, evaporation from Lake Taihu, a large (area 2400 km 2 ) freshwater lake in the Yangtze River Delta, China, was simulated by the CLM4-LISSS offline lake model and estimated with pan evaporation data. Both methods were calibrated against lake evaporation measured directly with eddy covariance in 2012. Results show a significant increasing trend of annual lake evaporation from 1979 to 2013, at a rate of 29.6 mm decade −1 according to the lake model and 25.4 mm decade −1 according to the pan method. The mean annual evaporation during this period shows good agreement between these two methods (977 mm according to the model and 1007 mm according to the pan method). A stepwise linear regression reveals that downward shortwave radiation was the most significant contributor to the modeled evaporation trend, while air temperature was the most significant contributor to the pan evaporation trend. Wind speed had little impact on the modeled lake evaporation but had a negative contribution to the pan evaporation trend offsetting some of the temperature effect. Reference evaporation was not a good proxy for the lake evaporation because it was on average 20.6 % too high and its increasing trend was too large (56.5 mm decade −1 ).

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Section: Eddy Covariance Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in evaporation of a large subtropical lake

Wang

et al. 2016

Theor Appl Climatol

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“…Recently, eddy covariance (EC) systems have been used to measure the latent heat (LE) and sensible heat ( H ) fluxes over inland waters of various sizes, depths, and geographical locations (Assouline et al, ; Bouin et al, ; Gianniou & Antonopoulos, ; Granger & Hedstrom, ; Lenters et al, ; H. Liu et al, ; Mammarella et al, ; McGloin et al, ; Nordbo et al, ; Tanny et al, ; Vesala et al, ). EC measurements have also been conducted over very large lakes, including Great Slave Lake in Canada (Blanken et al, ; Rouse et al, ), Great Bear Lake in Canada (Rouse et al, ), Lake Superior in the United States (Blanken et al, ; Spence et al, ), and Qinghai Lake (Li et al, ) and Lake Taihu in China (Lee et al, ; Xiao et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Surface Heat Fluxes and Its Driving Forces at Different Time Scales Over a Large Ephemeral Lake in China

Zhao

Liu

2018

JGR Atmospheres

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Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. It is considered as an ephemeral lake—experiencing dynamic seasonal transitions ranging from a lake surface to wetland conditions. The influence of the seasonal water level transition on lake‐atmosphere energy exchange can have important consequences for local climate and water resource management. Here we study the dynamics of surface‐atmosphere energy exchange and examine the hydrological and meteorological controls on its partitioning for the period August 2013 to July 2016. Change in the water depth (WD) directly impacts water surface contribution and the inundated duration. The latent heat (LE) and sensible heat (H) fluxes showed an unimodal diurnal pattern in the wetland‐covered period and changed to an irregular pattern during the lake‐covered period when water surface contribution exceeded a value of 62%. The Bowen ratio (H/LE) was large/small in the wetland‐/lake‐covered period and decreased significantly with increasing WD. On a diurnal and daily timescale, the LE and H showed less dependence on wind speed (U) and water vapor or temperature gradient and greater dependence on net radiation when transitioning from the lake‐covered period to wetland‐covered period, respectively. On a monthly timescale, both the LE and H were mainly controlled by the net radiation. However, the interannual variations in LE and H were significantly correlated with the inundated duration and WD over Poyang Lake. The decreasing trend in Poyang Lake level, therefore, has potential to reduce lake evaporation and local precipitation and further amplify regional hydrometeorological droughts.

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“…As a result, land use change has significantly influenced regional carbon sequestration capacity, which has, in turn, constrained economic development in the region [ IPCC, ; Schulp et al, ]. Much work has been done on the following: carbon exchange mechanisms for agroecosystems [ Ma et al, ; Zhang et al, ], greenhouse gas flux monitoring in the Taihu Lake [ Lee et al, ], soil carbon pool change in the agroecosystems [ Pan et al, ], land use optimization based on terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage [ Chuai et al, ], and the spatiotemporal distribution of net primary production (NPP) using the CASA model and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/SPOT normalized difference vegetation index data [ Wu et al, ; Xu et al, ]. Yet there remains a knowledge gap in quantifying the magnitude of NEP and in analyzing dynamics and drivers of the changing spatiotemporal pattern of carbon sequestration function in the basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of land use changes on net ecosystem production in the Taihu Lake Basin of China from 1985 to 2010

Gao

Tan

et al. 2017

JGR Biogeosciences

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Land use changes play a major role in determining sources and sinks of carbon at regional and global scales. This study employs a modified Global biome model‐biogeochemical cycle model to examine the changes in the spatiotemporal pattern of net ecosystem production (NEP) in the Taihu Lake Basin of China during 1985–2010 and the extent to which land use change impacted NEP. The model is calibrated with observed NEP at three flux sites for three dominant land use types in the basin including cropland, evergreen needleleaf forest, and mixed forest. Two simulations are conducted to distinguish the net effects of land use change and increasing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and nitrogen deposition on NEP. The study estimates that NEP in the basin decreased by 9.8% (1.57 Tg C) from 1985 to 2010, showing an overall downward trend. The NEP distribution exhibits an apparent spatial heterogeneity at the municipal level. Land use changes during 1985–2010 reduced the regional NEP (3.21 Tg C in year 2010) by 19.9% compared to its 1985 level, while the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and nitrogen deposition compensated for a half of the total carbon loss. Critical measures for regulating rapid urban expansion and population growth and reinforcing environment protection programs are recommended to increase the regional carbon sink.

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The Taihu Eddy Flux Network: An Observational Program on Energy, Water, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes of a Large Freshwater Lake

Abstract: In situ eddy covariance observations reveal unusually large nocturnal CO 2 uptake by submerged vegetation in a shallow lake.

Cited by 86 publications

References 46 publications

Trends in evaporation of a large subtropical lake

Trends in evaporation of a large subtropical lake

Variability of Surface Heat Fluxes and Its Driving Forces at Different Time Scales Over a Large Ephemeral Lake in China

Impacts of land use changes on net ecosystem production in the Taihu Lake Basin of China from 1985 to 2010

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