The Synthesis of Organoclays Based on Clay Minerals with Different Structural Expansion Capacities

Abstract

An important goal in environmental research for industrial activity and sites is the investigation and development of effective adsorbents for chemical pollutants that are widespread, inexpensive, unharmful to the environment, and have the required adsorption selectivity. Organoclays are adsorption materials that can be obtained by modifying clays and clay minerals with various organic compounds through intercalation and surface grafting. Organoclays have important practical applications as adsorbents of a wide range of organic pollutants and some inorganic contaminants. The traditional raw materials for the synthesis of organoclays are phyllosilicates with the expanding structural cell of the smectite group, such as montmorillonite. Moreover, other phyllosilicates and inosilicates are used to synthesize organoclay to a limited extent. The purpose of this review was to analyze the possibility of using minerals of other groups with different abilities to expand the structure and structural charge for the adsorption of chemical environmental pollutants. The structural characteristics of various groups of phyllosilicates and chain minerals that affect their ability to modify organic surfactants and the adsorption properties of prepared organoclays were reviewed.

Phenol Adsorption Mechanism of Organically Modified Bentonite and Its Microstructural Changes

“…After organic modification, the layer spacing of bentonite increases, which increases the storage space in the layer and, finally, increases the adsorption capacity for organic pollutants [26]. The experimental results show that, after organic modification of natural bentonite, the expansivity and compressibility of OMB are both reduced [27]. Furthermore, the length of carbon chain of surfactants is also an important factor affecting the structure and properties of OMB.…”

Production and optimization of the refractory properties of blended Nigerian clay for high-temperature application; a non-stochastic optimization approach

“…Clays are fine-grained materials composed of clay minerals, which are hydrated alumino-silicates belonging to the mineral groups of kaolin, smectite, palygorskite, sepiolite, illite, chlorite, and mixed-layered clays (Aghris et al 2021, Perelomov et al 2021, Belghazdis and Hachem 2022. Fireclay, which is one of the most popular refractories, is a type of clay that belongs to the aluminosilicate group of refractory materials and is extensively applied in the ceramics industry due to its high fusion temperatures (Antonovi et al 2022).…”

Morphological investigation of maleic anhydride-grafted nitrile/nanoclay nanocomposites

“…In order to enhance the affinity between nanoclays and the polymeric matrix, a naturally hydrophilic silicate surface could be rendered organophilic by implementing organic cations on the surface of the layers [9]. Many studies have found that adding reactive functional groups to the organic modifier further enhances compatibility in the nanocomposite system.…”