The synthesis, characterisation and in vivo study of a bioceramic for potential tissue regeneration applications

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a biocompatible ceramic that is currently used in a number of current biomedical applications. Recently, nanometre scale forms of HAP have attracted considerable interest due to their close similarity to the inorganic mineral component of the bone matrix found in humans. In this study ultrafine nanometre scale HAP powders were prepared via a wet precipitation method under the influence of ultrasonic irradiation. The resulting powders were compacted and sintered to form a series of ceramic pellets with a sponge-like structure with varying density and porosity. The crystalline structure, size and morphology of the powders and the porous ceramic pellets were investigated using advanced characterization techniques. The pellets demonstrated good biocompatibility, including mixed cell colonisation and matrix deposition, in vivo following surgical implantation into sheep M. latissimus dorsi.

Synthesis of a bone like composite material derived from waste pearl oyster shells for potential bone tissue bioengineering applications

“…17,18 For completeness, a brief procedural description is outlined as follows. The procedure begins by first adding a 40mL solution of 0.32 M calcium nitrate tetra-hydrate into a small glass beaker and then adjusting the solution pH to 9.0 using approximately 2.5ml of ammonium hydroxide.…”

Chemical Immersion Coatings to Improve Biological Degradability of Magnesium Substrates for Potential Orthopaedic Applications

“…Calcium phosphate (CaP) coating can be applied to a variety of substrate materials of varying sizes and shapes using a relatively straight forward technique known as chemical immersion [55,56]. Apart from convincing experimental results of a number of independent studies that indicate CaP coatings can significantly improve corrosion resistance [57][58][59], the coatings also have the advantages of being non-toxic, display good biocompatibility and have enhanced bioactivity properties with respect to bone cells and other body tissues [60]. Despite these many advantages, a number of studies have also shown a number of shortcomings such as poor coating adherence, surface cracking and effective control of the CaP phases formed during immersion [54].…”

Synthesis of a Hydroxyapatite Nanopowder via Ultrasound Irradiation from Calcium Hydroxide Powders for Potential Biomedical Applications

“…For many years, a variety of biologically compatible ceramics such as alumina, bioactive glasses, calcium phosphates and zirconia have been used in reconstructive and regenerative hard tissue procedures with varying degrees of success [1][2][3]. Importantly, any ceramic being considered for a biomedical application must be completely biologically compatible.…”

“…In particular, for bone tissue engineering applications it offers good osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity capabilities. While it's slow biodegradability in situ allows tissue regeneration and tissue replacement to take place [3,11,12]. These properties are of particular importance since bone continually undergoes cellular remodeling and as a result tissue is simultaneously deposited by osteoblasts cells and removed by osteoclasts cells [3,13].…”

“…While it's slow biodegradability in situ allows tissue regeneration and tissue replacement to take place [3,11,12]. These properties are of particular importance since bone continually undergoes cellular remodeling and as a result tissue is simultaneously deposited by osteoblasts cells and removed by osteoclasts cells [3,13]. It is due to the advantageous bioactive properties of HAP that has made it a successful biomaterial for a number of clinical applications such as dental repair procedures, repairing bone defects, bone augmentation and coatings on metallic implants [14,15].…”