The Symptoms and Clinical Manifestations Observed in COVID-19 Patients/Long COVID-19 Symptoms that Parallel Toxoplasma gondii Infections

Roe, Kevin

doi:10.1007/s11481-021-09997-0

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Compared with healthy donors, the read coverage and the number of assembled genes were significantly increased, indicating that the microorganisms identified were bona fide rather than noise. One recent study found that there may be latent infections including Toxoplasma gondii infection in COVID-19 patients (Roe 2021). Consistent with the study, we also identified Toxoplasma gondii (Fig.…”

Section: Trna Pool Perturbation Toward Sars-cov-2 Biased Codons In Covid-19 Patientssupporting

confidence: 92%

Plasma cell-free RNA characteristics in COVID-19 patients

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Genome Res.

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The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is still elusive, which impedes disease progression prediction, differential diagnosis, and targeted therapy. Plasma cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs) carry unique information from human tissue and thus could point to resourceful solutions for pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of cfRNA profiles between COVID-19 patients and healthy donors using serial plasma. Analyses of the cfRNA landscape, potential gene regulatory mechanisms, dynamic changes in tRNA pools upon infection, and microbial communities were performed. A total of 380 cfRNA molecules were up-regulated in all COVID-19 patients, of which seven could serve as potential biomarkers (AUC > 0.85) with great sensitivity and specificity. Antiviral (NFKB1A, IFITM3, and IFI27) and neutrophil activation (S100A8, CD68, and CD63)–related genes exhibited decreased expression levels during treatment in COVID-19 patients, which is in accordance with the dynamically enhanced inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients. Noncoding RNAs, including some microRNAs (let 7 family) and long noncoding RNAs (GJA9-MYCBP) targeting interleukin (IL6/IL6R), were differentially expressed between COVID-19 patients and healthy donors, which accounts for the potential core mechanism of cytokine storm syndromes; the tRNA pools change significantly between the COVID-19 and healthy group, leading to the accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 biased codons, which facilitate SARS-CoV-2 replication. Finally, several pneumonia-related microorganisms were detected in the plasma of COVID-19 patients, raising the possibility of simultaneously monitoring immune response regulation and microbial communities using cfRNA analysis. This study fills the knowledge gap in the plasma cfRNA landscape of COVID-19 patients and offers insight into the potential mechanisms of cfRNAs to explain COVID-19 pathogenesis.

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Section: Trna Pool Perturbation Toward Sars-cov-2 Biased Codons In Covid-19 Patientssupporting

confidence: 92%

Plasma cell-free RNA characteristics in COVID-19 patients

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Genome Res.

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“…There is an explanation provided later in the section that discusses the factors that will increase the severity of T-cell exhaustion that can explain why the mortality rate continues to increase with age without reaching a plateau. In addition, an increased mortality rate for males compared to females (adjusted OR for males of at least 1.6 relative to females), and an increased mortality rate for patients having body mass indexes of 30 to 35 (adjusted OR of 1.2 to 1.37) have also been reported (Gottlieb et al, 2020;Hamer et al, 2020;Harrison et al, 2020;Roe, 2021).…”

Section: Increased Covid-19 Mortality Of Other Categories Of Patientsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…COVID-19 has unusual hospitalization and mortality risks (Gottlieb et al, 2020;Hamer et al, 2020;Harrison et al, 2020;Roe, 2021). Hamer et al, 2020;Harrison et al, 2020).…”

Section: Increased Covid-19 Mortality Of Other Categories Of Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A role for T‐cell exhaustion in Long COVID‐19 and severe outcomes for several categories of COVID‐19 patients

Roe¹

2021

J of Neuroscience Research

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Unusual mortality rate differences and symptoms have been experienced by COVID‐19 patients, and the postinfection symptoms called Long COVID‐19 have also been widely experienced. A substantial percentage of COVID‐19‐infected individuals in specific health categories have been virtually asymptomatic, several other individuals in the same health categories have exhibited several unusual symptoms, and yet other individuals in the same health categories have fatal outcomes. It is now hypothesized that these differences in mortality rates and symptoms could be caused by a SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection acting together with one or more latent pathogen infections in certain patients, through mutually beneficial induced immune cell dysfunctions, including T‐cell exhaustion. A latent pathogen infection likely to be involved is the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii , which infects approximately one third of the global human population. Furthermore, certain infections and cancers that cause T‐cell exhaustion can also explain the more severe outcomes of other COVID‐19 patients having several disease and cancer comorbidities.

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“…They reported that toxoplasmosis was positively related to COVID-19 delay by the linear regression model and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Jankowiak et al 2020 ). On the other hand, a recent study reports that toxoplasmosis increased the severity of COVID-19 (Roe 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Is COVID-19 associated with latent toxoplasmosis?

Ghaffari

Kalantari

Gorgani-Firouzjaee

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The present study aimed to evaluate the possible association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and latent Toxoplasma gondii infection in a group of patients and healthy individuals. Blood samples were obtained from 269 PCR-positive COVID-19 patients. The serum was separated and tested for the existence of anti- T. gondii antibodies (IgG) using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis between a subgroup of the patients (aged under 55 years old) and COVID-19 negative individuals was compared. Anti- T. gondii antibodies were found in 226/269 (84.0%) patients with COVID-19. Anti- Toxoplasma antibodies were detected in 72/91 (79.1%) cases and 96/123 (78.0%) COVID-19 negative individuals (odd ratio = 1.1; 95% confidence interval: 0.55–2.07, P = 0.85). The median and interquartile range (IQR) of the IgG titer were not statistically significant different between case (97.3 [31.0–133.5]) and control groups (34.4 [13.0–144.5]) ( P = 0.10). These findings demonstrated that latent Toxoplasma infection is prevalent amongst the COVID-19 patients. It also did not find any significant association between chronic toxoplasmosis and COVID-19.

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The Symptoms and Clinical Manifestations Observed in COVID-19 Patients/Long COVID-19 Symptoms that Parallel Toxoplasma gondii Infections

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Plasma cell-free RNA characteristics in COVID-19 patients

Plasma cell-free RNA characteristics in COVID-19 patients

A role for T‐cell exhaustion in Long COVID‐19 and severe outcomes for several categories of COVID‐19 patients

Is COVID-19 associated with latent toxoplasmosis?

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