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101 women; median age was 47•5 years (range 7-90). The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (193 [84%] patients), cough (159 [69%] patients), and sputum production (98 [43%] patients). Diarrhoea was observed in 49 (21%) patients. Patients with diarrhoea were older and were more likely to have comorbidities than patients without diarrhoea (table). A greater proportion of patients admitted to hospital had diarrhoea as the outbreak progressed: nine (43%) of 21 patients admitted between Feb 12 and March 6, 2020, had diarrhoea versus 40 (19%) of 209 patients admitted between Jan 19 and Feb 11, 2020.More patients with diarrhoea showed severe symptoms of pneumonia hospitals in Guangdong province, two in Hubei province, and ten in Jiangxi province) between Jan 19, 2020, and March 6, 2020. Most patients were admitted because of fever, cough, dyspnoea, and chest CT findings consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA tests. Two patients with pre-existing digestive diseases were excluded from our analysis. The analysis was approved by the institutional review boards of Sun Yat-sen University and the participating hospitals. Full details of the methods used are in the appendix (p 1).The clinical and demographic characteristics of the 230 patients analysed are shown in the appendix (p 2). There were 129 men and

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The Kepler Mission relies on precise differential photometry to detect the 80 parts per million (ppm) signal from an Earth-Sun equivalent transit. Such precision requires superb instrument stability on time scales up to ∼2 days and systematic error removal to better than 20 ppm. To this end, the spacecraft and photometer underwent 67 days of commissioning, which included several data sets taken to characterize the photometer performance. Because Kepler has no shutter, we took a series of dark images prior to the dust cover ejection, from which we measured the bias levels, dark current, and read noise. These basic detector properties are essentially unchanged from ground-based tests, indicating that the photometer is working as expected. Several image artifacts have proven more complex than when observed during ground testing, as a result of their interactions with starlight and the greater thermal stability in flight, which causes the temperature-dependent artifact variations to be on the timescales of transits. Because of Kepler's unprecedented sensitivity and stability, we have also seen several unexpected systematics that affect photometric precision. We are using the first 43 days of science data to characterize these effects and to develop detection and mitigation methods that will be implemented in the calibration pipeline. Based on early testing, we expect to attain Kepler's planned photometric precision over 80%-90% of the field of view.

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in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).Several models for scheduling multipurpose batch plants exist in the literature. The models using unit-specific event points have shown better solution efficiency on various literature examples. This article presents a novel approach to scheduling multipurpose batch plants, which uses unit-slots instead of process-slots to manage shared resources such as material storage. We develop two slightly different models that are even more compact and simpler than that of Sundaramoorthy and Karimi, Chem Eng Sci. 2005;60:2679-2702. Although we focus on material as a shared resource, our multigrid approach rationalizes, generalizes, and improves the current multi-grid approaches for scheduling with shared resources. Our models allow nonsimultaneous transfers of materials into and out of a batch. We show by an example that this flexibility can give better schedules than those from existing models in some cases. Furthermore, our approach uses fewer slots (event-points) on some examples than even those required by the most recent unit-specific event-based model. Numerical evaluation using literature examples shows significant gains in solution efficiency from the use of unit-slots except where the number of unit-slots required for the optimal solution equals that of process slots. We also highlight the importance of constraint sequencing in GAMS implementation for evaluating mixed-integer linear programming based scheduling models fairly. V

Both real patient and digital triggers are helpful in improving students' clinical problem-handling skills. However, real patients provide greater benefits to students.