“…The visual conceptual subcomponent of all components did not emerge in the teachers' responses, whereas the non-visual conceptual aspect was sporadically referenced by two teachers (Figure 2). This underscores the notion that the treatment of the concept leans heavily towards the procedural, sidelining the conceptual aspect, as also identified by Lingefjärd and Farahani (2017), Styers et al (2020) and, Salgado and Dolores (2021). Such an approach poses a hindrance to establishing connections among rate of change, slope, and steepness, a concern highlighted by prior studies (Dolores et al, 2019;Nagle & Moore-Russo, 2013;Teuscher & Reys, 2012).…”